Multidisciplinary Journals for Research & Reviews | ijmrr.online

[1] TINY ML MEETS EDGE AI: INNOVATIONS IN EMBEDDED AI FOR IOT AND SMART SYSTEMS

2026-04-02T19:14:19+00:00

Tiny ML and Edge AI are changing the IoT and smart devices and embedded systems by making it possible to perform real-time ondevice decision-making. These technologies enable devices to do the processing locally and limit dependence on the cloud-based system, minimize latency, as well as, increase privacy and security. TinyML allows devices with limited resources to perform intelligent tasks in IoT applications, which do not need high-level computation power.This review discusses how Edge AI combined with TinyML is
transforming such sectors as autonomous vehicles, smart cities, healthcare and industrial automation. We talk about energy-saving
algorithms, low-latency usage, and scalable designs and such issues as memory constraints, power usage, and data privacy. Future
research in the areas of federated learning, hardware-software co design and on-device learning is also mentioned in the paper. In the
IoT ecosystem, Tiny ML and Edge AI together are laying the groundwork for increasingly independent, effective, and intelligent systems.

[2] কেনোপনিষদের প্রেক্ষিতে উমা : একটি সমীক্ষা

2026-04-02T19:42:45+00:00

বিশ্বের প্রাচীনতম রচনা হল ‘বেদ’। এই বেদের চতুর্থ সোপান হল ‘উপনিষদ্’। উপনিষত্সমূহের মধ্যে সামবেদীয় কেনোপনিষদ্ অন্যতম। এই উপনিষদে যুদ্ধে বিজয়ী দেবতাদের মানমর্দনের জন্য ব্রাহ্মী চেতনা রূপ যক্ষোপাখ্যান বর্ণিত রয়েছে। অভিমানী দেবতাদের সমীপে বিদ্যারূপী উমাদেবী প্রকটিত হয়ে ব্রহ্মের স্বরূপ, পরম ব্রহ্মের উপাসনার উপায়, ব্রহ্মের মহিমা বর্ণনা করেছেন এবং এই উপাখ্যানে উমা ব্রহ্মজ্ঞানসম্পন্না, বিদ্যাবতী, বেদবাণীস্বরূপা নারীরূপে তাৎপর্য্য মণ্ডিত হয়েছেন। কেনোপনিষদ্- এ বর্ণিত এই উমা কীভাবে সমগ্র নারী সমাজের প্রতিনিধিত্ব করছেন তা এই প্রবন্ধে তুলে ধরা হয়েছে।

[3] ECHOES OF RESISTANCE: RECONSTRUCTING IDENTITY IN THE LITERATURE OF MAYA ANGELOU

2026-04-02T19:48:16+00:00

Maya Angelou is an important part of the modern American literary discourse, expressing the themes of perseverance, identity, and
change both in verse and autobiographical prose. Located in a sociohistorical context of racial segregation, gender discrimination, and
personal trauma, the oeuvre of Angelou is not limited to the individual narrative but to the challenges of dignity and personal affirmation of self-worth of a group. This paper questions the way that Angelou uses literary expression as a way of reinventing self and fighting marginalization. The study conducts a close textual analysis of the chosen poems, especially, Caged Bird and Still I Rise, aiming to observe how the experience of oppression begins to change into the statement of strengths, agency, and hope. The paper argues that cultural change is a significant tool that the literary voice of Angelou, whose literary purpose is not simply self-expression, but instead, makes her work timelessly available in the current identity and social injustice discourses.

[4] ন্যায়ামৃত ও অদ্বৈতসিদ্ধি অবলম্বনে মোক্ষ বিষয়ক বিচার

2026-04-02T20:11:24+00:00

মধ্যাচার্য ব্রহ্মসূত্রের উপর যে ভাষ্য রচনা করেন সেই ভাষ্য দ্বৈতভাষ্য নামে প্রসিদ্ধ। মধ্যাচার্যের ভাষ্য অনুসরণ করিয়া পরবর্তীকালে আচার্য জয়তীর্থ, আচার্য ব্যাসতীর্থ, রামাচার্য, শ্রীনিবাসাচার্য প্রমুখ মাধ্ব আচার্যগণ অদ্বৈত গ্রন্থসমূহকে সূক্ষ্মভাবে খণ্ডন করেন। এই কারণে পরবর্তীকালে মাধ্ব গ্রন্থসমূহই অদ্বৈতবাদের বিরুদ্ধে পূর্বপক্ষরূপে বিবেচিত হইয়া থাকে। নব্য বৈদান্তিকদের নিকট মাধ্ব পক্ষই প্রধান পূর্বপক্ষরূপে বিবেচিত হইত। মাধ্ব আচার্য ব্যাসতীর্থ বিরচিত ন্যায়ামৃত গ্রন্থ অবলম্বনে মুক্তি বিষয়ে অদ্বৈত মতের বিরুদ্ধে যে মাধ্ব সম্প্রদায়ের আপত্তিসমূহ তাহা বিস্তৃতরূপে উপস্থাপিত হইবে। দ্বিতীয় অনুচ্ছেদে অদ্বৈতসিদ্ধি অবলম্বনে আচার্য মধুসূদন সরস্বতী বিরচিত অদ্বৈতসিদ্ধি অবলম্বনে এই সমস্ত মাধ্ব আপত্তি খণ্ডন করা হইবে। আচার্য ব্যাসতীর্থ তাহার ন্যায়ামৃত গ্রন্থের চতুর্থ পরিচ্ছেদে মোক্ষ বিষয়ে তাহার আপত্তিসমূহ উপস্থাপন করিয়াছেন। চতুর্থ পরিচ্ছেদের প্রথম অধ্যায়ের প্রথম প্রकरण অবিদ্যানিবৃত্তি প্রकरणে আরম্ভে ন্যায়ামৃতকার অদ্বৈত বেদান্তীদের প্রশ্ন করিয়াছেন যে, অদ্বৈত বেদান্তী যে অবিদ্যার নিবৃত্তি বা অবিদ্যার অপগম মোক্ষস্বরূপ বলিয়া থাকেন তাহা যুক্তিসঙ্গত নহে, ইহাতে ন্যায়ামৃতকার অদ্বৈতীকে প্রশ্ন করিয়া থাকেন যে—

[5] AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF INSTRUCTIONAL LEADERSHIP ON STUDENT ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN WEST BENGAL

2026-04-03T17:39:20+00:00

This experimental study examines the causal impact of instructional leadership on student academic achievement. The study aims to determine whether structured instructional leadership interventions can significantly improve students’ academic performance. A pre-test–post-test control group design was employed, involving two comparable groups—an experimental group and a control group. Both groups were initially assessed through a standardized achievement test to establish baseline performance. The experimental group was exposed to targeted instructional leadership practices, including classroom supervision, teacher mentoring, continuous feedback, and systematic academic monitoring. Meanwhile, the control group continued with traditional teaching methods without any additional leadership intervention. After the intervention period, both groups were administered a post-test to measure changes in academic achievement. Data were analyzed using the t-test to examine the significance of differences between the two groups. The results revealed a statistically significant improvement in the experimental group's academic performance compared to the control group. This finding indicates that instructional leadership has a positive effect on student achievement. The study also highlights that instructional leadership contributes indirectly by enhancing teacher effectiveness, supporting professional development, and fostering a positive learning environment. In conclusion, instructional leadership plays a vital role in improving student academic outcomes and should be emphasized in educational practice and policy.

[6] छत्तीसगढ़ी लोक गीतों की धार्मिक पृष्ठभूमि : राम के विशेष सन्दर्भ में

2026-04-05T08:09:05+00:00

(सारांश): मानव जीवन सुख दुःख की गाथा से जुड़ा हुआ है। जब कोई हर्ष या विषाद की घटना अप्रत्याशित रूप से घटित होती है, तब मन में वीणा के तार झंकृत हो उठते हैं। मानव मन से उसकी रसात्मक अनुभूति अनायास ही फूट निकलने को व्यग्र हो उठती है। छत्तीसगढ़ में लोक गीतों का विपुल भंडार है। छत्तीसगढ़ी लोक गीतों में सरलता के साथ-साथ भावनाओं की प्रबलता, सरसता तथा रागात्मकता के दर्शन होते हैं जो परम्परा विश्वास और धारणाओं से समृद्ध हैं। छत्तीसगढ़ धार्मिक भावना से ओतप्रोत है। यहाँ का जनमानस ईश्वर के अस्तित्व को किसी न किसी रूप में स्वीकार करता है। यहाँ की लोक संस्कृति में धर्म का विशेष स्थान है।

भारतीय वाङ्मय के आदि स्रोत के रूप में राम कथा विख्यात है। अपने उद्गम से अनेक रूपों में परिवर्तित होती हुई सूक्ष्म से विराट रूप धारण करती हुई मानव जीवन को मानवता के महत्तर आदर्शों एवं असाधारण मानव मूल्यों के प्रति आकर्षित करने वाली राम कथा जन-जन के मानस में समाहित है। छत्तीसगढ़ी लोक गीतों में भी श्री राम आत्मा की तरह अवस्थित हैं। लोक जीवन में राम रचे हुए हैं। लोक का सम्पूर्ण जीवन ही राममय है। जीवन के हर सुख और दुःख में वह राम का ही स्मरण करता है। छत्तीसगढ़ी लोकगीतों में जहाँ श्री राम का व्यक्तित्व पुराणसम्मत तथा वाल्मीकि और तुलसी से विशेष रूप से प्रभावित है वहीं जनमानस की कल्पनाशीलता ने उसे नवीन रूपों में प्रतिष्ठापित किया है।

[7] ETHICS OF CARE AND HUMAN RESPONSIBILITY TOWARDS ANIMALS

2026-04-05T07:42:56+00:00

Ethical issues relating to the moral status of animals and the degree of human responsibility to animals have become a key point in modern ethical debate, especially in the view of ecological crises, industrial exploitation of animals and developing perceptions of animal sentience. The conventional ethical theories, including utilitarianism and rights-based ethics, have provided powerful theories to apply to animal ethics, but they both tend to work with abstract concepts that ignore emotional interaction, relationships, and moral experiences. The ethics of care started as a critique of mainstream paradigms of justice offers an approach to morality that is relational and context-sensitive, which prefigures empathy, compassion, interdependence, and responsibility. The paper discusses ethics of care as a moral theory of the human responsibility towards animals. It identifies the philosophical roots of care ethics, examines its key ideas, compares it to the mainstream anthropocentric ethical approaches, and determines its applicability to the field of animal ethics. The paper also interprets modern problems like animal farming, experimentation, wildlife preservation, and environmental pollution. Lastly, the paper states that ethics of care provides a morally attractive and pragmatically-based methodology of supporting more human and sustainable human-animal relationships.

[8] প্রাণীর নৈতিক অধিকার সংক্রান্ত মতবাদ: সমসাময়িক প্রাসঙ্গিকতা

2026-04-06T06:23:52+00:00

Among the various contemporary discourses, environmental ethics is notably complex, as it frequently presents profound moral dilemmas. A central concern within this field is the moral consideration of non-human animals. While this topic has historical philosophical roots, it gained significant momentum in the 1970s, eventually evolving into a global movement. Animal Ethics, a specialized branch of environmental ethics, advocates for the intrinsic value of animals and their right to exist and roam free from human interference. Historically, until the 17th century, the prevailing philosophical view—rooted in human rationality—relegated animals to mere instrumental or "mechanical" value, justifying their exploitation. However, this anthropocentric paradigm was challenged by Jeremy Bentham, who argued that the capacity to suffer, rather than rationality, is the true benchmark of morality. Furthermore, Darwinian theory suggested that emotional states like joy and pain are adaptive traits shared across species. Despite traditional moral frameworks prioritizing human status, modern animal rights advocates argue that non-human animals possess inherent rights. These rights constitute a legitimate claim to live without harm, establishing animals as beings of significant moral worth.

[9] FIBONACCI WAVELET OPERATIONAL MATRIX METHOD FOR A FRACTIONAL DENGUE TRANSMISSION MODEL WITH HUMAN–MOSQUITO DYNAMICS

2026-04-06T06:35:28+00:00

This study considers a fractional-order dengue transmission model incorporating hu man and mosquito populations. The human population is classified into susceptible, exposed, infected, and recovered compartments, while mosquitoes are divided into susceptible and infected classes. The model is formulated using Caputo fractional derivatives to account for memory effects inherent in epidemic processes.To compute approximate solutions, a Fibonacci wavelet operational matrix method is employed. The state variables are expanded in terms of Fibonacci wavelets, and the system is reduced to a set of nonlinear algebraic equations, which are solved numerically. Numerical simulations for varying fractional orders are conducted to examine the influence of memory on disease dynamics. The basic reproduction number is also derived to de termine the threshold for disease persistence. The results indicate that the fractional framework enhances modeling flexibility, while the proposed numerical scheme provides an efficient solution.