Multidisciplinary Journals for Research & Reviews | ijmrr.online

[1] प्राचीन भारतीय संघ व्यवस्था में महिलाओं की स्थिति: बौद्ध ‘भिक्षुणी संघ’ एवं जैन ‘आर्यिका संघ’ का एक तुलनात्मक ऐतिहासिक शोध

2026-05-06T13:06:06+00:00

प्रस्तुत शोध पत्र छठी शताब्दी ईसा पूर्व की सामाजिक-धार्मिक क्रांति के आलोक में बौद्ध एवं जैन धर्मों द्वारा स्थापित महिला संघों का एक तुलनात्मक विश्लेषण प्रस्तुत करता है। प्राचीन भारतीय इतिहास के उस कालखंड में, जहाँ सामाजिक संरचनाएँ मुख्य रूप से पितृसत्तात्मक और ब्राह्मणवादी व्यवस्था से प्रभावित थीं, बौद्ध ‘भिक्षुणी संघ’ और जैन ‘आर्यिका संघ’ ने महिलाओं को एक स्वतंत्र धार्मिक एवं आध्यात्मिक मंच प्रदान किया। इस शोध का मुख्य केंद्र बिंदु दोनों संघों की स्थापना, उनके संगठनात्मक ढाँचे, और महिलाओं के लिए निर्धारित ‘विनय’ (नियमों) का तुलनात्मक अध्ययन करना है। जहाँ बौद्ध धर्म में बुद्ध ने महाप्रजापति गौतमी के आग्रह पर ‘अष्ट गरुधम्म’ की कठोर शर्तों के साथ भिक्षुणी संघ की अनुमति दी, वहीं जैन धर्म में भगवान महावीर के समय से ही ‘चतुर्विध संघ’ में आर्यिकाओं (साध्वियों) का महत्वपूर्ण स्थान रहा। शोध पत्र के अंतर्गत ‘थेरिगाथा’ और जैन आगमों जैसे प्राथमिक स्रोतों के आधार पर यह विश्लेषण किया गया है कि इन संघों ने महिलाओं को न केवल मोक्ष या निर्वाण का मार्ग दिखाया, बल्कि उन्हें शिक्षा, नेतृत्व और सामाजिक बंधनों से मुक्ति का अवसर भी प्रदान किया। निष्कर्षतः, यह शोध स्पष्ट करता है कि कतिपय लैंगिक विषमताओं और कठोर अनुशासनिक नियमों के बावजूद, प्राचीन भारत में ये संघ महिला सशक्तिकरण के प्रथम संस्थागत प्रयास थे, जिन्होंने भारतीय संस्कृति और धार्मिक इतिहास पर अमिट छाप छोड़ी।

[2] MODERN EVOLUTION OF INDIA’S ECONOMIC STRUCTURE: FROM ANCIENT TRADE TO MODERN LIBERALIZATION

2026-05-07T16:43:07+00:00

The dynamic shift of India's economic structure from ancient agricultural systems to a modern mixed economy is reflected in the country's economic history. The main stages of India's economic development are covered in this study, including the flourishing of ancient trade networks, the agrarian- based economy of the Middle Ages, the effects of colonial economic policies during British rule, and the era of post-independence planning. Specific consideration is given to the economic drain theory, deindustrialization, land income systems, and the move towards liberalization after 1991. The study emphasizes how colonial exploitation drastically changed India's traditional trade and industries, while reforms after independence concentrated on industrialization, the development of the public sector, and poverty reduction. In addition, the study examines how economic liberalization, globalization, and technological innovation have impacted India's development path. This study offers a thorough overview of India's economic development and the difficulties encountered in attaining sustainable and inclusive development by analyzing past economic strategies and their long-term effects.

[3] AWARENESS AND SCREENING PATTERNS OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IN INDIA: A SECONDARY DATA APPROACH

2026-05-07T16:49:08+00:00

Chronic kidney disease is a rising health issue in India which is characterized by a rising prevalence, late diagnosis, and poor awareness among the people. The paper focuses on awareness and screening behaviours of CKD through a secondary data methodology based on
previously published studies conducted in various parts of India. The results have shown that CKD has a considerable percentage of the adult population, with most of the cases being undiagnosed until late stages because of the non-symptomatic nature of the early disease and absence of routine screening procedures. The awareness level of all groups of the population, including the general population, high-risk groups, like patients with diabetes and hypertension, and even patients diagnosed with CKD, is low. The gaps in knowledge are especially observed in the area of knowledge of kidney functioning, risk factors, and early symptoms. Despite its feasibility and effectiveness,screening initiatives are not commonly adopted and incorporated into primary healthcare systems. The new measures like point-of-care testing and digital health interventions have the potential to enhance early detection, particularly in low-resource environments. The article emphasizes the necessity of enhancing social awareness, encouraging early diagnosis, and incorporating CKD diagnosis into the current healthcare systems. Improving education and access to screening may be significant towards decreasing the burden of disease, enhancing early diagnosis, and the health outcome of those at risk of CKD

[4] FROM CLASSROOMS TO COACHING SILOS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYTICAL STUDY OF PRE- AND POST-JEE/NEET EDUCATIONAL ECOSYSTEMS IN INDIA AND THEIR IMPACT ON ADOLESCENT MENTAL HEALTH, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, AND ACADEMIC OUTCOMES

2026-05-07T16:55:06+00:00

In this paper, the shifting of the Indian senior-school educational ecosystem, based on a school-centered approach, to a coaching-centered approach, based on competitive examinations (like JEE and NEET) will be analyzed. Previously, students typically used to pursue normal education until Class XII where academic studies were mixed with peer communication, sporting, cultural, teacher guidance, and emotional support. Conversely, the current examination based system has promoted development of dummy schools, coaching in Classes VIII-X, excessive study time, excessive testing and less involvement in the normal school life. This paper will examine the impact
of dissociation with school setting on the mental health, emotional stability, social confidence, social development, extracurricular exposure, academic achievement and personality development in the long term. This paper will take a mixed-method analysis survey design that will involve the students, parents, teachers, coaching faculty, counsellors and alumni of regular- school and coaching-dominant background. The main point of interest is to investigate the hypothesis that students will gain more through a balanced
school-based educational approach, as compared to the system of coaching only. The paper posits that India does not have to abolish competitive exams, but it must revert to normal schooling until Class XII as the main educational arena and to control coaching as a support system.

[5] SOCIO-ECONOMIC DETERMINANTS AND CHALLENGES OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP: EVIDENCE FROM A PILOT STUDY IN TELANGANA, INDIA

2026-05-07T17:05:39+00:00

Women entrepreneurship plays a vital role in promoting economic growth, generating employment, and advancing inclusive development, particularly in emerging economies such as India. The present pilot study examines the socio-economic determinants influencing women entrepreneurship and identifies the key challenges faced by women entrepreneurs in small and micro enterprises in selected districts of Telangana. Primary data were collected from 50 women entrepreneurs using structured questionnaires and
interviews, and the responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including percentages, mean, mode, and standard deviation. The findings reveal that factors such as financial independence, family support, education, and prior work experience significantly influence women’s entrepreneurial decisions. While operational challenges among women entrepreneurs, such as access to capital, competition, and market fluctuations, exist, they are perceived as moderate rather than severe.Personal and socio-cultural constraints, including mobility restrictions and family support, are found to be less significant, indicating a gradually supportive environment for women entrepreneurs. However, limited access to institutional finance, low awareness of government schemes, and inadequate entrepreneurial training continue to restrict business growth and scalability. The study highlights the need for targeted policy interventions,
improved financial inclusion, and capacity-building initiatives to strengthen women-led enterprises. As a pilot study, the findings also validate the research design and provide a foundation for large-scale empirical investigation.

[6] दिव्यांगता एवं शिक्षा

2026-05-07T17:15:48+00:00

किसी व्यक्ति के सामाजिक, मानसिक एवं आर्थिक विकास के लिए शिक्षा सबसे महत्वपूर्ण आवश्यकता मानी जाती है। मानव इतिहास के आदिकाल से शिक्षा का विविध तरह से विकास एवं प्रसार होता रहा है। प्रत्येक देश अपनी सामाजिक-सांस्कृतिक अस्मिता को अभिव्यक्त करने तथा स्वीकृति के लिए और साथ ही साथ चुनौतियों का सामना करने के लिए विशिष्ट शिक्षा प्रणाली विकसित करता है।
इसी प्रकार भारतीय संविधान में भी अनुच्छेद-21 (क) के अन्तर्गत देश के सभी निवासियों को अनिवार्य शिक्षा का अधिकार प्रदान करता है। निःशक्त व्यक्ति अधिनियम 1995 को ध्यान में रखते हुए 18 वर्ष से कम आयु के सभी दिव्यांग बच्चों को अनिवार्य एवं मुक्तशिक्षा उपलब्ध कराने का प्रावधान है।
जनगणना-2011 के अनुसार देश की 45 फीसदी दिव्यांग आबादी अशिक्षित है। दिव्यांगों में जो शिक्षित है, उनमें 59 फीसदी 10वीं पास है, जबकि देश की कुल आबादी का 67 फीसदी 10वीं तक शिक्षित है।

[7] ANALYSIS OF INDIA AND CHINA’S INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT AND STRATEGIC COMPETITION ALONG THE BORDER AREAS

2026-05-08T05:29:15+00:00

To secure the disputed border areas between India and China, including the Western sector (Ladakh), the Middle sector (Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand), and the Eastern sector (Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim), both countries have been conducting infrastructure development projects. China has been pursuing its projects since the 1950s. To build up better connectivity with the nearby areas of the border. Although India was not focusing on infrastructure development in the border areas, the present government has sanctioned many projects, highlighting the need to protect its territory from Chinese incursions and, especially, to secure the border villages. Recently, activity in these border villages has increased. The Indian government is more concerned than ever about the safety of Indian citizens. By constructing railways, tunnels, roads, and airports, military movements in these border areas are made smoother in a war-like situation. As both countries have a complicated bilateral relationship, their bond remains on a scale of immense movements. This research paper examines India's and China's infrastructure development in the disputed border areas.

[8] THE GENEALOGY OF DETECTION IN BENGALI LITERATURE: FROM VEDIC THOUGHT TO THE SATYANWESHI

2026-05-08T05:35:24+00:00

This paper traces the long and layered evolution of detection in Bengali literature, situating the modern detective figure within a broader indigenous intellectual and narrative tradition. It begins by examining early forms of “detective consciousness” in Vedic texts, where inquiry, doubt, and the search for hidden truth emerge as foundational modes of thought. Moving through classical Sanskrit narratives and vernacular traditions such as folktales and mangal-kavya, the study highlights how practices of inference, disguise, and revelation were integral to storytelling long before the emergence of formal detective fiction. The paper then considers the transformative impact of colonial modernity, particularly the introduction of Western models of policing, rationality, and narrative structure, which shaped early Bengali detective writing in the works of authors like Priyanath Mukhopadhyay and Panchkori Dey. It further explores the expansion and popularization of the genre through writers such as Dinendra Kumar Ray and Hemendra Kumar Roy, who adapted and reimagined detective narratives for diverse readerships. The study culminates in an analysis of Byomkesh Bakshi, created by Sharadindu Bandyopadhyay, whose identity as a satyanweshi (seeker of truth) synthesizes philosophical inquiry with modern investigative practice. By mapping this genealogy, the paper argues that Bengali detective fiction is not merely a colonial import but a culturally rooted form that integrates indigenous epistemologies with global narrative conventions. whose identity as a satyanweshi (seeker of truth) synthesizes philosophical inquiry with modern investigative practice. By mapping this genealogy, the paper argues that Bengali detective fiction is not merely a colonial import but a culturally rooted form that integrates indigenous epistemologies with global narrative conventions.

[9] CHALLENGES IN SUSTAINING OPEN DEFECATION FREE (ODF) STATUS: A CASE STUDY OF ADHIKARIPATTI VILLAGE PANCHAYAT, SALEM DISTRICT

2026-05-11T08:09:36+00:00

This research assesses the effect of Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) on sanitation practices in Adhikaripatti Village Panchayat, Salem District, Tamil Nadu. Through a mixed-methods study (n=138 households), the study reveals a substantial "Knowledge-Action Gap": 81% are aware of SBM, but 34% continue to openly defecate, especially the elderly and males. The qualitative results from Focus Group Discussions show that the infrastructural achievements are constrained by the lack of regular maintenance and reuse of toilets for storage. This paper argues that to promote health in the long term, SBM needs to move from "toilet construction" to "behavioural sustainability".

[10] EMPOWERING EDUCATORS: STRATEGIC APPROACHES TO OPTIMIZING LEARNING TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATION

2026-05-14T18:05:07+00:00

The integration of digital technologies into education has become a fundamental driver of pedagogical innovation and student engagement in the 21st century. However, the effectiveness of learning technology integration depends largely on educators’ competencies, attitudes, and institutional support systems rather than the availability of tools alone. This article examines strategic approaches to empowering educators for optimal technology integration in teaching and learning environments. Drawing on
contemporary literature, including empirical studies and systematic reviews, the paper explores key factors such as professional development, pedagogical alignment, technological pedagogical knowledge (TPACK), student-centered learning models, and institutional infrastructure. The study highlights that effective integration requires a shift from technology
adoption to pedagogically driven implementation, emphasizing continuous professional development and contextual adaptability. Furthermore, it discusses emerging challenges, including equity, digital divide, ethical concerns, and the role of artificial intelligence in education. The findings suggest that a holistic, multi-level strategy—encompassing individual, institutional, and policy dimensions—is essential for sustainable and impactful integration. The paper concludes by proposing a strategic framework for empowering educators that aligns technology use with educational goals, fostering innovation, inclusivity, and improved learning outcomes.

[11] COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF AUTOGENIC TRAINING AND YOGIC EXERCISES ON EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE, ANXIETY, MENTAL FATIGUE, AND SOCIAL MATURITY AMONG COLLEGE-LEVEL ATHLETES

2026-05-14T18:14:38+00:00

Background: Competitive athletes face significant psychological stress. Autogenic Training (AT) and Yogic Exercises (YE) enhance psychosocial health, but comparative research among Indian college athletes is limited. Objective: To compare 12 weeks of AT, YE, and Combined Training (AT+YE) on emotional intelligence, anxiety, mental fatigue, and social maturity in team sports persons.Methods: 160 athletes (22–28 years) were randomized to four groups (n=40 each): AT, YE, Combined, or Control. Interventions were 45 min/day, 5-6
days/week for 12 weeks. Validated scales assessed outcomes. Data were analyzed using paired t-test, ANOVA, and Tukey's HSD (p ≤ 0.05).
Results: All experimental groups significantly improved emotional intelligence, anxiety, and mental fatigue (p < 0.01). Combined Training
showed highest improvements: emotional intelligence (+65.8%), anxiety (28.3%), mental fatigue (-22.2%), and social maturity (+43.6%) (p < 0.001). Combined Training was superior to isolated therapies for emotional intelligence and anxiety (p < 0.05). For mental fatigue and social maturity, Combined Training and YE were equivalent (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Both interventions improve psychosocial health. Combined Training is optimal for emotional intelligence and anxiety; Yogic Exercises alone suffice for mental fatigue and social maturity. Mind-body interventions should be integrated into athletic training.

[12] A STUDY ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE APPRAISALS IN VADAMALAYAN HOSPITAL, DINDIGUL

2026-05-14T18:20:13+00:00

This study focuses on the employee performance appraisal system at Vadamalayan Hospital, Dindigul. Performance appraisal is an important function of human resource management that helps in evaluating employee efficiency, productivity, and overall contribution to organizational goals. The study aims to analyze the existing appraisal system, measure employee satisfaction, and understand its impact on motivation and performance. Data was collected from employees using structured questionnaires and analyzed using statistical tools. The findings indicate that the appraisal system has a moderate impact on employee performance and motivation, but there are issues related to transparency, feedback, and fairness. The study suggests improvements to make the appraisal system more effective and beneficial for both employees and management.

[13] HR RECRUITMENT CHALLENGES AND INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS IN CONTEMPORARY ORGANISATIONS

2026-05-14T18:26:59+00:00

Human Resource recruitment has become one of the most important strategic functions in contemporary organisations. Rapid
technological advancements, globalization, changing workforce expectations, and increasing competition for skilled talent have
created several recruitment challenges for organizations. Traditional recruitment practices are often unable to meet the dynamic
requirements of modern business environments, leading to issues such as talent shortages, lengthy hiring processes, rising recruitment
costs, skill mismatches, and employee turnover. To overcome these challenges, organisations are increasingly adopting innovativerecruitment solutions such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Applicant Tracking Systems (ATS), social media recruitment, virtual interviews, data analytics, and employer branding strategies. The present study focuses on identifying the major HR recruitment challenges faced by contemporary organisations and examining the effectiveness of innovative recruitment solutions in improving recruitment efficiency and organizational performance. The study is based on both primary and secondary data collected from HR professionals and relevant academic sources. Statistical tools such as percentage analysis, charts, and hypothesis testing are used for data interpretation. The findings reveal that innovative recruitment practices significantly improve hiring quality, reduce recruitment time, enhance candidate experience, and support better decision- making. The study concludes that organizations must adopt technology-driven and strategic recruitment approaches to remain competitive in the modern labour market

[14] EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT THROUGH TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT PRACTICES: A STUDY AT SRI AMMAN STEELS

2026-05-14T18:33:38+00:00

This study focuses on the training and development practices followed at Sri Amman Steels and their effect on employee performance and organizational productivity. Training and development are important aspects of human resource management that aim to enhance employees’ knowledge, abilities, and efficiency. The research adopts a descriptive research design with a sample size of 100 employees to assess the effectiveness of existing training methods such as on-the-job and off-the-job training programs. The findings reveal that a majority of employees feel the organization effectively identifies training requirements. Statistical analysis using the Chi-Square test shows a meaningful relationship between training practices and employee performance. The study concludes that systematic and well-planned training programs help reduce workplace errors and improve overall organizational effectiveness

[15] A STUDY ON EMPLOYEE RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT AT NATIVE SPARROW, CHENNAI

2026-05-14T18:39:38+00:00

This study focuses on Employee Relationship Management at Native Sparrow, Chennai. Employee Relationship Management plays an important role in maintaining healthy and positive relationships between employees and management. A good employee relationship system improves communication, teamwork, motivation, employee satisfaction, productivity, and overall organizational performance. In today’s competitive business environment, employees are considered valuable assets, and the success of an organization depends largely on their commitment, cooperation, and efficiency. The main purpose of this study is to examine the employee relationship management practices followed in the organization and to understand their influence on employee satisfaction and organizational effectiveness. The study also highlights the importance of communication systems, grievance handling procedures, employee participation, welfare measures, training programs, motivational practices, performance evaluation, and conflict resolution methods in maintaining harmonious workplace relationships. The study is descriptive in nature and is based on primary and secondary data. Primary data are collected from employees through a structured questionnaire, while secondary data are collected from company records, books, journals, and related sources.

[16] A STUDY ON EMPLOYEE WELLNESS AND WORK LIFE BALANCE IN ROOT CAST PRIVATE LIMITED COIMBATORE

2026-05-14T18:52:10+00:00

Employee wellness and work-life balance are important factors that influence employee performance and organizational success. In today’s fast- paced work environment, maintaining a balance between professional and personal life has become a major challenge. This study focuses on understanding the concept of employee wellness and how it relates to work- life balance. It highlights key aspects such as physical health, mental well- being, stress levels, and job satisfaction. The research also examines factors affecting work-life balance, including workload, working hours, organizational support, and flexibility in the workplace. These factors play a significant role in shaping employee behavior and productivity. A descriptive research design is used in this study. Primary data is collected through structured questionnaires, while secondary data is gathered from journals, articles, and previous research studies. The findings of the study
reveal that employees who maintain a healthy work-life balance tend to be more satisfied, motivated, and productive. It also shows that poor balance can lead to stress, burnout, and reduced efficiency. The study concludes that organizations should implement effective wellness programs, flexible work policies, and supportive work environments to improve employee well- being and overall organizational performance

[17] EVALUATING SERVICE QUALITY IN INDIAN GOVERNMENT HOSPITALS: A STUDY OF PATIENT SATISFACTION AND HEALTHCARE EXPERIENCE

2026-05-14T18:58:10+00:00

The assessment of patients’ satisfaction levels, and the knowledge of whatfactors influence satisfaction are very important for healthcare sector. This study investigates how perceived quality of services affects patient satisfaction and what dimension is the most significant among: tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy. A cross sectional research design was used, and data were collected from 150 eligible patients in three districts of Odisha: Khurda, Jajpur and Cuttack, from December 2025 to March 2026, with the help of an adapted Assessment of Service Quality questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis and ANOVA were used to test the study hypothesis. Findings showed that there was a statistically significant effect of health service quality on patient satisfaction. Empathy,
tangibility and responsiveness had the greatest impact of the five dimensions. The results indicate that interpersonal care and emotional
understanding play a more critical role than physical aspects of service delivery in shaping patient satisfaction. The study concludes that enhancing. empathy in healthcare services should be a priority for government hospitals, particularly through training doctors in interpersonal and communication skills to strengthen the doctor–patient relationship and improve overall healthcare outcomes.

[18] LEGAL SAFEGUARDS FOR INDIGENOUS PEOPLES: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF THE KHASI HILLS AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT COUNCIL’S ROLE IN CULTURAL CONTINUITY, LAND MANAGEMENT, CUSTOMARY LAW, AND POLICY REFORM

2026-05-14T19:18:31+00:00

This study provides an overview of the legal safeguards for indigenous peoples by critically analyzing Khasi Hills Autonomous District Council (KHADC) in Meghalaya, India. Protections of rights, culture and traditional governance are also very much enshrined in the Sixth Schedule of the Indian Constitution, with the specific provisions of the Constitution establishing the most significant protection for the rights of Indigenous communities in Northeast India. The KHADC’s role to provide for the preservation of cultural continuity, to manage land and natural resources (land, rivers, and other natural resources), to uphold customary law, and to respond to policy reforms is the focus of this study. It emphasises the Council’s role of protecting the indigenous identity including traditional institutions, languages, festivals, and knowledge systems from contemporary problems of modernization, urbanization and globalization. The study delves further into the mechanisms of land tenure, conflict resolution, and environmental conservation, which were used in the KHADC, as well as the organization’s initiatives regarding socio-economic development and community participation. Particular focus would be on the intersection of customary and formal legal systems, empowerment of marginalized groups, and changing policy responses in response to demographic and social change. By virtue of using a qualitative approach, the findings of this study combine statutory analysis, case law and field insights to evaluate the sufficiency and inadequacy of the existing legislative mechanism. These findings highlight the need to strengthen indigenous institutions and call for legal and policy avenues of legal and policy change to improve protection and sustainable development. This study is attempting to add a footnote into the academic debate, as well as to inform policymakers that can work on the strengthening of indigenous rights and governance.

[19] FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI) INFLOWS IN INDIA: TRENDS, DETERMINANTS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS

2026-05-18T06:11:16+00:00

This study examines the trends, determinants, and future prospects of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows in India from 2000–01 to 2024–25. The analysis employs secondary data obtained from DPIIT, RBI, World Bank reports, and Economic Surveys. Statistical methodologies, including the Mann-Kendall trend test, Sen’s slope estimator, and trend models, were used to evaluate the long-term behaviour of FDI inflows. The findings reveal a significant upward trend in both gross FDI and FDI equity inflows, whereas Foreign Institutional Investment (FII) shows no significant trend. The services sector, computer software and hardware, telecommunications, automobiles, and construction infrastructure have emerged as the primary recipients of foreign investment. Maharashtra, Karnataka, Gujarat, and Delhi accounted for the highest share of FDI inflows, with Mauritius, Singapore, the USA, and the Netherlands as the leading source countries. The study identifies economic liberalization, market size, infrastructure development, skilled labour, and government initiatives, such as “Make in India” and the PLI Scheme, as key determinants of FDI growth. The study concludes that India possesses strong potential to sustain foreign investment inflows despite global economic uncertainties and rising international competition.