Multidisciplinary Journals for Research & Reviews | ijmrr.online

[1] CHATGPT ASSISTED AYURVEDA LEARNING AMONG AYURVEDA UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS

2026-06-02T16:34:14+00:00

ChatGPT has revolutionized medical education by incorporating AI tools and techniques. Undergraduates studying Ayurveda have distinct obstacles, such as learning Sanskrit terminology, deciphering ancient writings (Samhitas), and therapeutically applying the intricate ideas of Tridosha, Agni, and Prakriti. This is a narrative evaluation that considers how ChatGPT can serve as an additional tool in the teaching and learning of Ayurveda. It examines the advantages and disadvantages, such as personalized learning, quick answers to questions, and ease of understanding, assistance with clinical reasoning, and the reliability of Ayurvedic information, as well as the potential for hallucination, dependency and ethical concerns. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the integration of ChatGPT with conventional GuruShishya learning and hands-on experience training can be an effective method for the students learning Ayurveda. Also covered are potential future developments in the use of AI in Ayurveda curricula.

[2] AMBEDKAR’S EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY AND NEP 2020: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF INCLUSIVE AND EQUITABLE EDUCATION IN INDIA

2026-06-03T17:53:47+00:00

The present study examines the relevance of B. R. Ambedkar’s educational philosophy in relation to the National Education Policy 2020 and its vision for inclusive and equitable education in India. Dr. Ambedkar regarded education as a powerful instrument for social transformation, equality, liberty and human dignity. The study aims to analyse the core principles of Ambedkar’s educational thought, examine its relevance within the framework of NEP 2020, compare his vision with the policy objectives of NEP 2020, and suggest educational implications for building a socially just and inclusive society. The research is qualitative, analytical, and historicalphilosophical in nature. Data have been collected from primary and secondary sources including Ambedkar’s writings, speeches, constitutional provisions, books, research articles, and policy documents related to NEP 2020. The study employs content analysis and interpretative methods to analyse the collected data. The findings reveal that many provisions of NEP 2020, such as equity, inclusive education, gender inclusion, and educational access for disadvantaged groups, strongly reflect Ambedkar’s educational vision. However, challenges related to implementation, social inequality, and educational disparity still persist. The study suggests that Ambedkar’s philosophy should be integrated more effectively into educational policies, curriculum development, teacher education, and institutional practices to strengthen democratic values, social justice, and equal educational opportunities in India.

[3] AI IN EDUCATION AND ITS ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS: INSIGHTS FROM EDUCATORS AND LEARNERS.

2026-06-05T11:37:57+00:00

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a field of study that combines the applications of machine learning, algorithm productions and natural language processing. AI has a variety of educational applications, such as personalised learning platforms to promote students’ learning, automated assessment systems to aid teachers, and facial recognition systems to generate insights about learners’ behaviour. This theoritical review concerns related to data privacy, algorithmic bias, transparency, academic integrity and the shifting roles of educators in AI supported classrooms. Findings reveal that both educators and learners acknowledge the potential of AI to enhance learning outcomes, yet remain cautious about issues of fairness, autonomy and the reliability of AI-driven decisions. Educators emphasize the need of clearer guidelines, ethical training and human oversight, while students express apprehension regarding surveillance, misuse of personal data and reduced human interaction. The study underscores the importance of developing ethical frameworks and inclusive policies to ensure responsible AI implementation in Education. It concludes that balancing technological innovation with ethical safeguards is essential to fostering trust, equity and meaningful learning experiences in AI enhanced educational systems.

[4] CONTRIBUTION OF WOMEN FREEDOM FIGHTERS OF WEST BENGAL TO THE INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT

2026-06-08T07:31:06+00:00

The Indian National Movement was a broad-based struggle against British colonial rule that witnessed the active participation of people from diverse social, economic, and regional backgrounds. Women emerged as an important force in the movement, contributing significantly to political mobilization, revolutionary activities, social reform, and nationalist campaigns. West Bengal occupied a distinctive position in India's freedom struggle due to its rich intellectual tradition, revolutionary nationalism, and political consciousness. Women from Bengal participated not only in Gandhian mass movements but also in revolutionary organizations that directly challenged colonial authority. This paper examines the contribution of women freedom fighters of West Bengal to the Indian National Movement between 1920 and 1947. It analyzes the role of prominent women leaders and revolutionaries, including Basanti Devi, Pritilata Waddedar, Kalpana Datta, Bina Das, Matangini Hazra, Sarala Devi Chaudhurani , and Nellie Sengupta. The study highlights their contributions to political activism, revolutionary resistance, and social transformation. The paper argues that the participation of women from West Bengal significantly strengthened the nationalist movement and laid the foundation for women's political empowerment in independent India.

[5] AMERICAN BAPTIST MISSIONARIES AND THE MAKING OF MODERN ASSAM: EDUCATION, LANGUAGE, AND SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION (1836–1947)

2026-06-08T07:38:56+00:00

The arrival of American Baptist missionaries in Assam during the nineteenth century marked a significant turning point in the social, educational, and linguistic development of the region. Beginning with the establishment of missionary activities in Sadiya in 1836, the missionaries played a crucial role in promoting modern education, printing technology, vernacular literature, and social reform. Their contributions extended beyond religious evangelism and had a profound impact on the formation of modern Assamese identity. This article examines the role of American Baptist missionaries in the development of education, the revival of the Assamese language, and broader social transformation in Assam between 1836 and 1947. Using historical and secondary sources, the study analyzes how missionary interventions contributed to literacy, educational modernization, literary production, and social change. The findings suggest that while missionary activities were intertwined with colonial expansion, their contributions significantly influenced the intellectual and cultural modernization of Assam.

[6] EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF ONE NATION ONE SUBSCRIPTION ON RESEARCH PRODUCTIVITY AND KNOWLEDGE DEMOCRATIZATION: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS IN THE CONTEXT OF VIKSIT BHARAT 2047

2026-06-08T07:43:54+00:00

The Soaring prices of academic databases have generated big disparities in access to scholarly resources, especially among those researchers in developing nations, and in under-resourced institutions. To address this challenge, the One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) policy has risen as a strategic policy to give centralized and fair access to high quality academic databases in India. This paper examines how ONOS will influence the productiveness and democratization of research in the bigger picture of Viksit Bharat 2047. Mixed-method approach is followed, which involves the bibliometric analysis of the trends of publications and survey-based empirical data gathered with the researchers who work with various institutional contexts. The results suggest that ONOS can greatly improve the access equity of the researchers, which would result in more research output, greater impact of citation, and better research collaborations between the countries and internationally. In addition, the initiative will help to alleviate institutional inequalities, as researchers based at Tier 2 and Tier 3 institutions will be able to access resources similar to those at premier institutions. The research provides important policy level perspectives with a focus on how centralized access knowledge systems can create more inclusive research ecosystem and empower the idea of transitioning India to a knowledge based economy.

[7] SILENCE AND VIOLENCE: THE LANGUAGE OF TRAUMA IN PARO ANAND’S NO GUNS AT MY SON’S FUNERAL

2026-06-10T18:27:47+00:00

The conflict in Kashmir has been a long-standing one due to several political, historical and geographical reasons that have led to myriad experiences of displacement, forced migration, militancy and violence in the Valley. Further, these experiences have generated a rich body of literary and cultural production that bears witness to its devastating human costs. It is within this tradition that Paro Anand’s young adult novel No Guns at My Son’s Funeral (2005) occupies a distinctive and critically underexplored position, narrating the seduction and destruction of adolescent identity in the crucible of militancy. This paper argues that Anand’s novel deploys silence and violence not merely as thematic concerns but demonstrates how conventional channels of communication collapse under the weight of sustained, unacknowledged trauma. Drawing on trauma theory, particularly the works of Cathy Caruth, Judith Herman and Dominick LaCapra, the paper examines how the novel’s central characters inhabit a world in which speech has been fatally compromised, truth is encrypted beneath social performance, and violence has become the primary language of political and emotional expression. The paper contends that No Guns at My Son’s Funeral is not only a novel about trauma but a traumatic text, one that makes its readers witnesses to a culture of silence and violence that consumes its young and most vulnerable members.

[8] THE GIG ECONOMY AND ITS IMPACT ON THE LABOUR MARKET IN BANGALORE: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF EMPLOYMENT PATTERNS, WAGE DYNAMICS, AND WORKER WELFARE

2026-06-10T18:34:05+00:00

The rapid proliferation of digital platform technologies has catalysed the gig economy as a transformative force in India's urban labour markets. Bangalore, as the country's technology hub, presents a uniquely bifurcated context—hosting both globally competitive IT freelancing and large-scale low-wage logistics work—making it an ideal site for empirical investigation. This study examines the gig economy's multidimensional impact on Bangalore's labour market through primary survey data from 412 gig workers across six platform sectors, complemented by 80 traditional formal employee comparisons and 15 qualitative interviews. Employing a mixed-methods approach combining descriptive statistics, inferential tests, and multiple regression analysis, the study investigates income levels, social security coverage, job quality satisfaction, and employment displacement. Findings reveal that while gig work has expanded economic participation opportunities, it simultaneously perpetuates structural informality— characterised by income unpredictability, near-universal absence of statutory benefits, and constrained career advancement. Education level (Beta = 0.48), sector of engagement (Beta = 0.29), and weekly hours (Beta = 0.31) are the strongest income determinants (R² = 0.71). A persistent gender wage penalty (Beta = 0.09) is documented. The study concludes that adaptive regulatory frameworks, portable benefits architectures, and targeted up skilling programmes are essential to reconcile platform flexibility with worker welfare guarantees.

[9] ANCIENT ETHICAL WISDOM AND CONTEMPORARY CONCERNS: ENVIRONMENTAL AND FEMINIST PERSPECTIVES IN ZOROASTRIANISM

2026-06-12T05:59:16+00:00

Zoroastrianism is one of the oldest religious traditions in the world and possesses a well-developed ethical system that governs human conduct in relation to both society and the natural world. The present study examines the environmental and feminist dimensions of Zoroastrian ethics and explores their relevance to contemporary ethical concerns. The study adopts a descriptive and analytical methodology and is based on the examination of primary and secondary sources related to Zoroastrian ethics. It analyses the ethical relationship between human beings and the environment as reflected in the Zoroastrian emphasis on the preservation of earth, water, fire, plants, and animals, which are regarded as sacred creations of Ahura Mazda. It highlights the moral responsibility of human beings to maintain the purity of nature and to protect it from pollution and destruction. The study also examines Zoroastrian ethical teachings from a feminist perspective and analyses how concepts of dignity, moral agency, and social participation attributes to contemporary ethical discussions on gender justice and equality. The ethical teachings concerning respect for nature, environmental Zoroastrianism is one of the oldest religious traditions in the world and possesses a well-developed ethical system that governs human conduct in relation to both society and the natural world. The present study examines the environmental and feminist dimensions of Zoroastrian ethics and explores their relevance to contemporary ethical concerns. The study adopts a descriptive and analytical methodology and is based on the examination of primary and secondary sources related to Zoroastrian ethics. It analyses the ethical relationship between human beings and the environment as reflected in the Zoroastrian emphasis on the preservation of earth, water, fire, plants, and animals, which are regarded as sacred creations of Ahura Mazda. It highlights the moral responsibility of human beings to maintain the purity of nature and to protect it from pollution and destruction. The study also examines Zoroastrian ethical teachings from a feminist perspective and analyses how concepts of dignity, moral agency, and social participation attributes to contemporary ethical discussions on gender justice and equality. The ethical teachings concerning respect for nature, environmental

[10] FROM PERSISTENCE TO RESOLUTION- A RETROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY ON HOMEOPATHIC MANAGEMENT OF MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUMIN CHILDREN

2026-06-12T16:06:22+00:00

Molluscum Contagiosum is a common viral skin infection in children characterized by pearly, umbilicated papules. Although self-limiting, the condition may persist for prolonged periods and can lead to discomfort, autoinoculation, and cosmetic concerns. Conventional treatments are often associated with pain and local irritation, prompting interest in alternative approaches such as homoeopathy. To evaluate the clinical outcomes of individualized homoeopathic treatment in paediatric cases of Molluscum Contagiosum. A retrospective observational study was conducted on 50 children diagnosed with Molluscum Contagiosum and treated at Om Homeopathic Clinic, Surat, over a two-year period. Clinical records were reviewed, and outcomes were categorized as complete resolution, partial resolution, or no improvement. Results: Complete resolution was observed in 35 cases (70%), partial improvement in 8 cases (16%), and no improvement in 7 cases (14%). The most frequently prescribed constitutional remedies were Calcarea sulphurica, Natrum muriaticum, and Calcarea carbonica. Tuberculinum and Thuja were the most commonly used intercurrent remedies in cases showing delayed progress. No significant adverse effects were reported during treatment. Individualized homoeopathic treatment demonstrated favourable outcomes in the majority of children with Molluscum Contagiosum and appeared to be a safe therapeutic option. Further prospective controlled studies are warranted to strengthen the evidence base.

[11] THE MALGUDI TRILOGY AND THE INDIAN PHILOSOPHICAL CONCEPT OF THE ASRAMAS: NARAYAN'S FICTIONAL REINSCRIPTION OF THE VEDIC LIFE-STAGES

2026-06-17T07:25:45+00:00

R.K. Narayan's semi-autobiographical trilogy—Swami and Friends (1935), The Bachelor of Arts (1937), and The English Teacher (1945)—occupies a central place in Indian English literature. Critics have examined these novels through postcolonial theory, comic realism, and the framework of the Western bildungsroman. Comparatively little attention, however, has been paid to their relationship with the Hindu concept of the asramas, the four stages of life described in Vedic and Dharmasastra traditions. Narayan's trilogy can be read productively through the lens of the asrama system. The three novels follow a movement that closely parallels the traditional progression of life stages. Swaminathan's experiences reflect the world of brahmacharya, or studentship. Chandran's aspirations and struggles align with the responsibilities of the gṛhastha, the householder stage. Krishnan's spiritual and emotional journey points toward vanaprastha and an incipient sannyasa, marked by withdrawal, reflection, and renunciation. Viewed together, the novels reveal a narrative structure shaped by an indigenous philosophical logic. Human experience is organised not only through psychological growth or social development but also through successive stages of spiritual maturation. The trilogy, therefore, suggests a pattern of development that differs from the assumptions of the conventional Western bildungsroman. Drawing on the work of William Walsh, Meenakshi Mukherjee, C.D. Narasimhaiah, K.R. Srinivasa Iyengar, and other scholars, this study contends that attention to the asrama framework deepens our understanding of Narayan's fiction. Such a perspective also restores a philosophical dimension that has often remained secondary in interpretations informed primarily by Western critical models.

[12] EDUCATIONAL REPRESENTATION OF TRIBAL LANGUAGES IN MANIPUR: AN ANALYSIS OF MODERN INDIAN LANGUAGE (MIL) SUBJECTS UNDER BOSEM AND COHSEM

2026-06-17T07:31:43+00:00

The present study examined the representation of tribal languages through Modern Indian Language (MIL) subjects in the school education system of Manipur. Using a descriptive research design, the study analysed secondary data obtained from the Board of Secondary Education, Manipur (BOSEM), the Council of Higher Secondary Education, Manipur (COHSEM), Census reports, and relevant government documents. Primary information regarding challenges associated with tribal language education was also collected from selected teachers and students. The findings revealed that only 17 of the 34 recognised tribal communities have corresponding MIL subjects under BOSEM, while only 11 languages continue under COHSEM. Considerable variation was observed in enrolment across tribal language subjects, although academic performance remained consistently high. The study further found that recognition of tribal languages is governed by specific demographic, academic, and institutional requirements. Limited representation, discontinuity across educational levels, and resource constraints emerged as major challenges. The study highlights the need to strengthen educational support for underrepresented tribal languages to promote linguistic diversity, cultural preservation, and inclusive education in Manipur.

[13] IMPLEMENTATION OF INDIAN KNOWLEDGE SYSTEM IN CONTEMPORARY LEGAL EDUCATION AN ANALYTICAL STUDY on THE INDIAN FEMININE JURISPRUDENCE IN ELEVATING THE LEGAL EDUCATION IN FUTURE

2026-06-18T12:09:52+00:00

Education is the transmission of knowledge, skills, and character traits and manifests in various forms. Law is important to society because it serves as a set of norms of conduct for its citizens. Legal education serves society at large by imparting general and cultural education to law students, making them good, law-abiding citizens. The purpose of legal education was to pass on the cultural legacy to future generations. Feminist jurisprudence is a legal philosophy grounded in gender equality across politics, economics, and society. Gender equality and access to schooling are included in the education of women. For the purpose of reducing poverty, women's education is crucial. Women who have received an education will have the skills, knowledge and confidence to make responsible mothers, workers and voters. This paper investigates whether the amendment legislation meets the needs of Indian women and whether it is free of patriarchal morals and values. The concept of liberal feminism is emphasised in this paper by granting women the same legal and political rights as men. Women are better equipped to assume leadership roles in every social, economic, political, and legal field, and only with confidence can they create campaigns to fight against discrimination and violence.

[14] ASSESSMENT OF BIODIVERSITY LOSS AND ITS ECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES IN THE SUNDARBANS REGION OF WEST BENGAL: IMPLICATIONS FOR CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT

2026-06-19T12:57:58+00:00

The Sundarbans, the world's largest contiguous mangrove ecosystem straddling India and Bangladesh, faces unprecedented biodiversity loss driven by climate change, anthropogenic pressures, and inadequate governance frameworks. This article critically examines the multidimensional drivers, ecological consequences, and conservation implications of biodiversity decline in the Indian Sundarbans of West Bengal. Drawing on recent empirical studies, remote sensing analyses, and ecological assessments, we document accelerating habitat degradation, species population declines, and disruption of critical ecosystem services. Our analysis reveals that sea-level rise, increasing cyclone intensity, salinity intrusion, and unsustainable resource extraction are synergistically eroding the ecological integrity of this UNESCO World Heritage Site. We propose an integrated conservation framework emphasizing community-based management, climate-adaptive strategies, and transboundary cooperation. The findings underscore the urgent need for evidence-based policy interventions to safeguard this irreplaceable ecosystem and the livelihoods of approximately 4.5 million people who depend upon it.

[15] ASSESSING PESTICIDE EXPOSURE RISKS AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH OF WOMEN IN TEA GARDENS: REGULATORY GAPS IN SAFETY MEASURES FOR SPRAY WORKERS UNDER INDIA’S OSH CODE

2026-06-20T13:57:48+00:00

This article critically examines the intersection between occupational pesticide exposure and the reproductive health of women spray workers in India’s tea gardens. Tea cultivation, a sector heavily reliant on female labour, often involves hazardous agrochemicals and lacks adequate safety protocols. Despite regulatory frameworks such as India’s Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions (OSH) Code, significant gaps persist in implementing effective safety measures, particularly for women. This study aims to assess the extent and nature of pesticide exposure among female spray workers, analyse the associated reproductive health risks, and evaluate the adequacy of current regulatory protections. Drawing on a review of relevant literature, regulatory texts, and available field data, the article highlights the gendered vulnerabilities that heighten health risks for women in this sector. Findings indicate a lack of comprehensive training, inadequate provision and use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and insufficient health monitoring, all of which contribute to adverse reproductive health outcomes such as menstrual irregularities, infertility, and pregnancy complications. The analysis underscores critical shortcomings in the OSH Code’s practical enforcement and offers policy recommendations to strengthen occupational health protections for women. Enhanced training, rigorous enforcement of PPE use, regular health screenings, and gender-sensitive policies are among the key suggestions to mitigate health risks and bridge existing regulatory gaps. This research contributes to the discourse on gender, labour, and health in Indian agriculture, calling for urgent policy action to safeguard vulnerable female workers.

[16] ARDUINO-BASED INTELLIGENT ACCIDENT DETECTION & SOS ALERT MECHANISM

2026-06-20T14:03:32+00:00

Road accidents frequently lead to severe injuries and fatalities due to delays in emergency assistance. This work presents an Arduino-based Intelligent Accident Detection and SOS Alert Mechanism for automatic accident identification and emergency notification. The system employs an ADXL335 accelerometer to monitor sudden impact events, while a NEO-6M GPS module determines the vehicle location. Upon detecting an accident, an Arduino Uno processes the sensor data and activates a SIM800L GSM module to transmit an alert message containing location details and initiate an emergency call. A manual SOS feature is also incorporated to enable users to request assistance during critical situations. Experimental testing demonstrated reliable accident detection and timely communication of emergency information. The proposed system offers a simple, economical, and effective approach for improving road safety and reducing emergency response time.

[17] متآ رھبرن تراھب یک ریمعت ںیم میلعت روا لکسا اک رادرک : لکوو راف لکول ےک رظانت ں

2026-06-21T16:11:06+00:00

موجودہ صدی میں عالمگیریت، ڈیجیٹل انقلاب، مصنوعی ذہانت اور تیز رفتار تکنیکی ترقی نے دنیا کی اقتصادی اور تعلیمی ساخت کو مکمل طور پر تبدیل کر دیا ہے۔ اس بدلتے ہوئے عالمی منظرنامے میں ہر ملک کے لیے یہ ناگزیر ہو گیا ہے کہ وہ اپنی داخلی اقتصادی صلاحیتوں کو مضبوط کرے اور بیرونی انحصار میں کمی لائے۔ بھارت میں “آتم نربھر بھارت” اور “ووکل فار لوکل” جیسے قومی اقدامات اسی وسیع تر وژن کا حصہ ہیں، جن کا بنیادی مقصد مقامی صنعتوں، چھوٹے کاروباروں، روایتی ہنر اور گھریلو پیداوار کو فروغ دینا ہے تاکہ ملک اقتصادی طور پر مضبوط اور عالمی سطح پر مسابقت کے قابل بن سکے۔ زیرِ نظر مقالہ اس امر کا تحقیقی جائزہ پیش کرتا ہے کہ تعلیم اور مہارت کی ترقی آتم نربھر بھارت کے قیام میں کس طرح بنیادی کردار ادا کر سکتی ہیں۔ اس مطالعے میں قومی تعلیمی پالیسی 2020، اسکل انڈیا مشن، میک اِن انڈیا، ڈیجیٹل انڈیا اور اسٹارٹ اپ انڈیا جیسے پروگراموں کا تجزیہ کیا گیا ہے۔ مزید برآں، جرمنی، چین اور فن لینڈ کے تعلیمی و فنی تربیتی ماڈلز کا تقابلی مطالعہ پیش کیا گیا ہے تاکہ یہ واضح کیا جا سکے کہ جدید تعلیمی نظام اقتصادی ترقی اور اختراع کو کس طرح فروغ دیتا ہے۔ یہ تحقیق اس نتیجے پر پہنچتی ہے کہ اگر تعلیم کو عملی مہارت، کاروباری صلاحیت، اختراع، ٹیکنالوجی اور مقامی اقتصادی ضروریات کے ساتھ مربوط کیا جائے تو نہ صرف نوجوانوں میں خود روزگاری کے امکانات بڑھ سکتے ہیں بلکہ مقامی صنعتوں کو بھی نئی توانائی حاصل ہو سکتی ہے۔ مقالے میں یہ بھی واضح کیا گیا ہے کہ تعلیمی ادارے، صنعتیں اور حکومتی پالیسیاں اگر باہمی اشتراک کے ساتھ کام کریں تو بھارت کو حقیقی معنوں میں خود کفیل معیشت میں تبدیل کیا جا سکتا ہے۔

[18] EMPOWERING WOMEN AS NATION BUILDERS: ADVANCING A VALUE-BASED EDUCATIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT THROUGH SWAMI VIVEKANANDA'S EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY

2026-06-22T18:45:34+00:00

Women's empowerment and leadership development have emerged as critical determinants of inclusive, equitable, and sustainable nation building. Despite substantial progress in educational access and participation, the translation of educational attainment into leadership readiness among women remains uneven due to persistent psychological, socio-cultural, and curricular constraints. This study examines Swami Vivekananda's educational philosophy and evaluates its contemporary relevance for fostering women's leadership and holistic empowerment. Employing a qualitative conceptual research design, the study synthesizes philosophical writings, scholarly literature, and contemporary leadership theories. The study identifies five interrelated dimensions of empowerment: cognitive development, character formation, emotional intelligence, social responsibility, and leadership readiness. The analysis reveals a significant gap between value-oriented educational ideals and prevailing educational practices, where leadership development remains inadequately integrated into mainstream curricula. To address this, the paper proposes an advanced value-based educational framework (AVBEF) combining cognitive learning with ethical development, psychological empowerment, experiential leadership training, and civic engagement. The study concludes that holistic education can serve as a strategic mechanism for cultivating women leaders capable of contributing to long-term national development.

[19] DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSFORMATION OF KOKRAJHAR TOWN: POPULATION GROWTH, MIGRATION & SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS

2026-06-24T10:48:27+00:00

Kokrajhar Town, which is in Assam and serves as the headquarters for the Bodoland Territorial Council (BTC), has undergone considerable change demographically and spatially during recent times. This paper explores changes resulting from population growth patterns, migration from rural areas to cities, and socio-economic impacts of these changes in Kokrajhar Town's demographics. The methodology of this study uses secondary census data from the census office as well as primary socio-economic survey data collected from residents in Kokrajhar Town to show how expanding educational institutions, the establishment of administrative institutions, and opportunities for trade have increased the flow of people into Kokrajhar Town. The findings show that although Kokrajhar Town's growth has led to a more diverse economy and increased the number of small businesses in the informal trade sector and expanded public infrastructure, it has also made existing inequalities between horizontal structures more extreme, put pressure on public utilities in Kokrajhar Town, and created a complex multilingual city that needs urgent attention regarding urban planning. Specifically, planning efforts should develop strategies to match infrastructure investment with the availability and sustainability of economic opportunity for a long-term outcome in the future as the largest institutional centre of BTC, located in Lower Assam.

[20] RIGHTS OF THE INCARCERATED WITH REFERENCE TO THE CONSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK OF INDIA: A STUDY

2026-06-24T10:59:20+00:00

This paper undertakes a comprehensive analytical study of the rights of prisoners within the framework of the Constitution of India, emphasising the continuing relevance of human dignity even in conditions of incarceration. It is premised on the fundamental proposition that imprisonment results in the curtailment of liberty but not the extinction of basic human rights. The study traces the philosophical foundations of prisoners’ rights from natural law theories to their incorporation in modern constitutional jurisprudence, while also examining the evolution of prison reforms in India from punitive to reformative models. The research critically analyses the interplay between international human rights instruments such as the UN Charter, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and the ICCPR and domestic legal frameworks, including the Prisons Act, 1894, and other legislative measures governing custodial institutions. It further explores the role of judicial activism in expanding the scope of prisoners’ rights under Articles 14, 19, and 21 of the Constitution, highlighting landmark as well as recent case laws (2024–2026) that address issues like custodial violence, overcrowding, discrimination, legal aid, and the rights of vulnerable groups. The paper underscores the importance of recognising prisoners as rights-bearing individuals entitled to equality, dignity, and access to justice. It argues that the effectiveness of a democratic legal system is reflected in its treatment of the most marginalised, including those in custody. By identifying gaps in implementation and suggesting a rights-based, reformative approach to prison administration, the study contributes to the broader discourse on human rights, criminal justice reform, and constitutional governance in India.

[21] INQUIRY BASED LEARNING VERSUS TRADITIONAL TEACHING: IMPACT ON SCIENCE ACHIEVEMENT OF COLLEGE YOUTH

2026-06-24T11:02:43+00:00

Higher education science teaching slowly shifts from long lectures to ways that put students at the centre - ways built around discovery, logic, whole involvement. One method stands out within this shift: inquiry-based learning, now seen as a key force reshaping how science is taught. What happens when we measure its impact against classic lessons? That question drives this look into how well it works for teens studying science in college programs. Pulling together results from real-world trials, near-experiments, big-picture summaries - all drawn from fields like biology, chemistry, microbiology, anatomy - a clear pattern takes shape. Study after study shows gains - not just in grades but deeper grasping of ideas, sharper analysis, stronger interest - with IBL beating straight lecturing every time. Some research showed clear improvements in how teens understand science, tackle problems, and handle tasks when taught through explorationfocused methods. Other large-scale analyses found solid benefits linked to these hands-on teaching styles. Yet putting inquiry-led learning into practice can bring hurdles - like heavier demands on teachers, preparation needs, and backing from schools. Even so, students often gain deeper, longer-lasting insights using this method in college settings. Overall, when set up well and backed properly, asking questions drives stronger results than traditional ways in science classrooms.

[22] INFLUENCE OF MARKETING MIX ELEMENTS ON CONSUMER PURCHASE DECISIONS: EVIDENCE FROM CONSUMERS IN BENGALURU CITY

2026-06-24T11:06:11+00:00

The marketing mix, comprising Product, Price, Place, Promotion, People, Process, and Physical Evidence, continues to serve as a foundational framework for understanding how firms influence consumer behaviour. This study examines the relative influence of the seven elements of the marketing mix on the purchase decisions of consumers residing in Bengaluru City, a metropolitan market characterised by a young, digitally connected, and economically diverse population. Using a descriptive and quantitative research design, primary data were collected from 200 respondents across different localities of Bengaluru through a structured questionnaire administered on a five-point Likert scale. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and multiple regression analysis. The findings indicate that Price and Product exert the strongest positive influence on purchase decisions, followed by Promotion and Place, while People, Process, and Physical Evidence, although significant, show comparatively weaker influence. The study offers practical implications for marketers and retailers operating in the Bengaluru market and contributes to the limited body of regional empirical literature on marketing mix effectiveness in urban Indian consumer markets.

[23] RABINDRANATH TAGORE'S GITANJALI 45: A CRITICAL STUDY OF IMMANENCE, TRANSCENDENCE, AND OMNIPRESENCE

2026-06-24T14:38:33+00:00

In this paper we will analyse a famous poem- "Have you not heard his silent steps? / He comes, comes, ever comes" (Gitanjali-45) by the first NonEuropean Nobel Prize winner Rabindranath Tagore. The poem is a potent structural and thematic microcosm of Tagore’s spiritual philosophy, which rests on the confluence of classical Indian Bhakti (devotional) traditions, Upanishadic monism and Western Romanticism. This study looks at the role of temporal, seasonal, and psychological imagery in Tagore’s negotiation of the delicate dialectic between divine transcendence (the absolute, unapproachable reality) and divine immanence (the deity in the material world). The study shows how Tagore deconstruct linear time into a continuous spiritual present by analysing the rhythmic repetition of the phrase "He comes, comes, ever comes". The paper also looks at the making of nature and the human interior. It shows that natural phenomena like the perfumed pathways of April and the thundering chariots of July are not mere simply decorative backdrops but active externalizations of the soul's shifting devotional landscapes. Finally, the poem’s unique approach to suffering is assessed, in which grief is re-imagined as a familiar touch of the divine. This study argues for a redefinition of the spiritual journey in Gitanjali 45, not as an ascetic detachment from the world, but as an ecstatic, everyday anticipation of a God who is continually arriving, through close textual analysis and historical-contextual mapping.

[24] CONTEMPORARY PARADIGMS IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY: BRIDGING CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS, PSYCHOSOCIAL INTERVENTION, AND COMMUNITY INCLUSION

2026-06-25T14:08:34+00:00

Intellectual disability (ID), historically termed mental retardation, affects approximately 1–3% of the global population. Despite significant advances in diagnostic frameworks and rights-based care over the past two decades, substantial gaps remain in translating evidence-based policy into equitable practice, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where the majority of affected individuals reside. Objective: This multidisciplinary review synthesizes current evidence from clinical psychiatry, developmental psychology, special education, and social policy to propose an integrated, actionable model for assessment, intervention, and community participation for individuals with ID across the lifespan. A systematic narrative review was conducted using PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus for the period 2010–2025. Inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed articles in English addressing diagnosis (DSM-5/ICD-11), psychosocial interventions, family support, or community inclusion. Fiftyone key references were selected for thematic synthesis following a multistage screening process.Three major themes emerged from the (1) a fundamental diagnostic shift from IQ-centric classification to adaptive functioning and individualized support needs; (2) strong evidence for early behavioral and family-based interventions, though with significant implementation gaps; and (3) persistent, multi-level barriers to inclusive education, competitive employment, and accessible healthcare. Promising models identified include Community-Based Rehabilitation (CBR) and digital assistive technologies, yet both face scalability challenges. A biopsychosocial-ecological framework is necessary to bridge the clinical-community divide. Future research must prioritize implementation science to adapt existing interventions for diverse cultural and resource contexts, as well as participatory methodologies that center the lived expertise of persons with ID. Policy reforms should mandate crosssectoral coordination with enforceable accountability mechanisms.

[25] ECOLOGICAL DREAD AND POROUS SELVES: CLIMATE ANXIETY AND POSTHUMAN FUTURES IN THE FICTION OF DAISY HILDYARD

2026-06-27T17:41:45+00:00

This paper critically examines climate anxiety and posthuman subjectivity in the works of British author Daisy Hildyard, focusing on The Second Body (2017) and Emergency (2022). Using ecocriticism, posthumanism, and affect theory, it explores how Hildyard’s writing expresses an environmental awareness that both challenges anthropocentric identity and emphasises the emotional experience of living amid rapid ecological crises. The study proposes that Hildyard constructs a ‘porous self,’ a subject whose mental and physical boundaries dissolve amid planetary crises, resulting in ecological dread that cannot be mitigated through conventional realist fiction or environmental philosophy. Results show that her fiction captures an ongoing tension between embodied experience and the vast scale of the Anthropocene, resulting in a narrative style that effectively conveys the psychological reality of climate anxiety.

[26] अथर्ववेद में वर्णित आयुर्वेद चिकित्सा के विभिन्न सोपानः एक अध्ययन

2026-06-27T17:59:09+00:00

अथर्ववेद में वर्णित विभिन्न प्रकार के चिकित्सा पद्धति जैसे औषध चिकित्सा, मानस चिकित्सा, अग्नि-यज्ञ चिकित्सा, सौर चिकित्सा, जल चिकित्सा, वात प्राण चिकित्सा, मृच्चिकित्सा, शल्य चिकित्सा आदि का इस शोध पत्र में संक्षिप्त उल्लेख किया गया है।

[27] IMPACT OF 16S RRNA-BASED MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIA ON INFECTIOUS DISEASE DIAGNOSIS

2026-06-27T18:02:09+00:00

16S rRNA sequencing enhances infectious disease diagnosis by enabling rapid pathogen detection and supports appropriate antimicrobial therapy. The technique also contributes to improved epidemiological surveillance and better understanding of bacterial diversity and evolution. Its advantages, limitations such as sequencing cost, technical expertise requirements, and database inconsistencies continue to restrict widespread implementation in routine laboratories. The identification of bacterial pathogens plays a critical role in the diagnosis and management of infectious diseases. Traditional phenotypic and biochemical identification methods are often timeconsuming and may fail to accurately identify rare, slow-growing, or phenotypically atypical bacteria. The present study examines the impact of 16S rRNA-based molecular identification on clinical microbiology and infectious disease diagnosis. The 16S rRNA gene is highly conserved among bacterial species while containing variable regions that enable precise differentiation and phylogenetic classification. This molecular approach has significantly improved the accuracy, speed, and reliability of bacterial identification compared to conventional culture-based techniques The study highlights the usefulness of 16S rRNA sequencing in identifying difficult-to-culture organisms, detecting novel bacterial species, and reducing diagnostic errors in clinical laboratories. The methodology involved a comprehensive review and comparative analysis of published literature related to molecular bacterial identification, sequencing procedures, diagnostic efficiency, and microbial taxonomy and biology by providing accurate bacterial classification, improving diagnostic precision, and supporting effective patient management in infectious disease diagnosis and treatment.

[28] EVALUATION OF SSS (SKILL, SELF-EMPLOYMENT AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC SUPPORT) DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES AND THEIR IMPACT ON EMPLOYMENT GENERATION IN UTTAR PRADESH

2026-06-27T18:06:43+00:00

This paper assesses the effectiveness of Skill, Self-Employment and SocioEconomic Support (SSS) programmes launched in various parts of Uttar Pradesh from 2015 to 2024. The study uses secondary data from the Directorate of Employment and Training, MSME census, NSSO and administrative databases from 75 districts and uses multiple regression analysis, Difference-in-Differences (DiD) estimation and time-series decomposition to measure employment outcomes. The results show that beneficiaries who participated in the SSS programs had a 14.7 percentagepoint higher wage employment rate and a 9.3 percentage-point higher selfemployment rate, which were both statistically significant at the 1% level (p < 0.01). But there are gender, geographic and sector differences. There is considerable variation in programme uptake and quality of outcomes at the district level. Policy recommendations include institutional convergence, tracking of infrastructure, and district-specific calibration of training curricula.