Multidisciplinary Journals for Research & Reviews | ijmrr.online

[ 1] भारतीय राष्ट्रीय कांग्रेस में वैचारिक ध्रुवीकरण और संस्थागत वर्चस्व: पुरुषोत्तम दास टंडन चुनाव (1950) एवं नेहरू-पटेल द्वैध शासन का एक विश्लेषणात्मक अध्ययन

Dr.Bablu Kumar Jayswal — Mon, 02 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

यह शोध पत्र स्वतंत्रता के तत्काल बाद भारतीय राष्ट्रीय कांग्रेस के भीतर उभरे आंतरिक सत्ता-संघर्ष और वैचारिक ध्रुवीकरण का सूक्ष्म विश्लेषण करता है। शोध का केंद्रबिंदु 1950 का कांग्रेस अध्यक्षीय चुनाव है, जहाँ पुरुषोत्तम दास टंडन (पटेल समर्थित) और जे.बी. कृपलानी (नेहरू समर्थित) के बीच का मुकाबला मात्र दो व्यक्तियों की प्रतिद्वंद्विता नहीं, बल्कि दो भिन्न 'भारत दृष्टियों' का टकराव था।अध्ययन यह रेखांकित करता है कि कैसे जवाहरलाल नेहरू की धर्मनिरपेक्ष-समाजवादी आधुनिकता और सरदार वल्लभभाई पटेल के यथार्थवादी-पारंपरिक राष्ट्रवाद ने पार्टी के भीतर एक 'द्वैध शासन' (Diarchy) जैसी स्थिति उत्पन्न कर दी थी। टंडन की जीत ने प्रारंभिक तौर पर पार्टी संगठन पर पटेल के सांगठनिक नियंत्रण को सिद्ध किया, किंतु पटेल के निधन के उपरांत नेहरू द्वारा टंडन को पद छोड़ने पर विवश करना, कांग्रेस के इतिहास में एक निर्णायक मोड़ साबित हुआ।यह शोध तर्क देता है कि इस प्रकरण ने न केवल पार्टी के भीतर 'दक्षिणपंथी' प्रभाव को कमजोर किया, बल्कि भविष्य के लिए यह सिद्धांत भी स्थापित कर दिया कि लोकतांत्रिक ढांचे में प्रधानमंत्री का पद पार्टी अध्यक्ष के पद से अधिक प्रभावशाली होगा। अंततः, यह पत्र निष्कर्ष निकालता है कि टंडन का इस्तीफा और नेहरू का अध्यक्ष पद संभालना, कांग्रेस के 'सामूहिक नेतृत्व' के दौर के अंत और 'नेहरूवादी सर्वसम्मति' के युग के उदय का प्रतीक था।

[ 2 ] नेहरू युग में गुटनिरपेक्ष आंदोलन की विदेश नीति: सिद्धांत और व्यवहार का विश्लेषण

Dr. Sandeep Kumar — Mon, 02 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

यह शोध पत्र स्वतंत्र भारत के प्रथम प्रधानमंत्री जवाहरलाल नेहरू के कार्यकाल (1947–1964) के दौरान भारत की गुटनिरपेक्षता (Non-Alignment) की नीति का एक गहन और आलोचनात्मक विश्लेषण प्रस्तुत करता है। द्वितीय विश्व युद्ध के पश्चात जब संपूर्ण विश्व वैचारिक आधार पर दो सैन्य गुटों (अमेरिकी नेतृत्व वाला नाटो और सोवियत संघ का वारसा पैक्ट) में विभाजित था, तब नेहरू ने भारत के लिए मध्य मार्ग का चयन किया।
इस शोध का मुख्य केंद्र बिंदु सिद्धांत और व्यवहार के बीच के द्वंद्व को समझना है। सैद्धांतिक स्तर पर, यह नीति ‘पंचशील’ के आदर्शों, संप्रभुता के सम्मान और उपनिवेशवाद के विरोध पर आधारित थी। वहीं, व्यावहारिक स्तर पर कोरियाई युद्ध, स्वेज नहर संकट और विशेष रूप से 1962 के भारत-चीन युद्ध जैसी घटनाओं ने इस नीति की प्रभावशीलता और सीमाओं का परीक्षण किया।
अनुसंधान यह निष्कर्ष निकालता है कि नेहरू युग में गुटनिरपेक्षता केवल एक तटस्थता की नीति नहीं थी, बल्कि यह भारत की रणनीतिक स्वायत्तता (Strategic Autonomy) को बनाए रखने का एक सक्रिय प्रयास था। यद्यपि 1962 के संघर्ष ने इसके कुछ आदर्शवादी पहलुओं पर प्रश्नचिह्न लगाए, किंतु इस नीति ने वैश्विक दक्षिण (Global South) के देशों को एक नई पहचान दी और शीत युद्ध के तनाव को कम करने में एक नैतिक बल के रूप में कार्य किया।

[ 3] AI- POWERED DECEPTION: THE RISING THREAT OF DEEPFAKE PHISHING ATTACKS IN INDIA’S CRYPTOCURRENCY SPACE

Pankhi Devi — Mon, 02 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Phishing ambushes have expanded as a result of the rise of cryptocurrencies and AI-generated deepfakes are getting to be a genuine concern. Contributing in cryptocurrencies is a shape of peer-to-peer exchange and takes put without the association of physical wallets. This consider addresses cases where individuals may ended up casualties of phishing assaults due to the nature of cryptocurrency ventures. One rising danger is the utilize of AI- produced deepfake in phishing assaults, which can misdirect indeed the most cautious people and businesses. These modern attacks trap cryptocurrency clients into uncovering private data or sending reasonable deepfake substance, such as sound recordings, recordings or photographs. With a centre on the deplorable impacts of these assaults, this consider offers a careful examination of the strategies, and methods utilized by assailants. The consider highlights the require for a multi- faceted ,combining legitimate changes, law authorization endeavours, and open mindfulness campaigns to combat AI- produced deepfake phishing assaults in India. The discoveries will certainly contribute by guaranteeing the smooth security and astuteness of cryptocurrency exchanges in India.

[ 4] SUSTAINABLE FUTURES THROUGH GLOBAL COLLABORATION: EDUCATION FOR THE NEXT GENERATION

Sangita Dey, Jyotiska Ranjan Sarkar — Mon, 02 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This paper explores the critical role of global collaboration in education for promoting sustainable futures. As the world grapples with complex sustainability challenges, it is essential to empower the next generation with the knowledge, skills and values necessary to create a more sustainable future. The Indian proverb “Vasudaiva Kutumbakam” (the world is one family) echoes the goal of global collaboration, emphasizing the interconnectedness of humanity and the need for collective action. Through a review of existing literature and case studies, we examine the potential of global collaborations in education to foster sustainable development, global citizenship, and intercultural understanding. We argue that a cultural synthesis of oriental and occidental thoughts, philosophies and practices is essential for achieving a sustainable future. By progressing hand in hand, we can harness the strengths of both traditions to develop innovative solutions, promote cultural exchange and build global partnerships for sustainability. Our research highlights the importance of collaborative education in developing a holistic understanding of sustainability, one that integrates the best of Eastern and Western perspectives. We argue that global collaboration in education is crucial for preparing the next generation to address the sustainability challenges of the 21st century.

[ 5] ROMANTICISM AND PATRIOTISM IN THE POEMS OF KUNTALA KUMARI SABAT AND SAROJINI NAIDU: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Abhimanyu Mahunta — Wed, 04 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The early twentieth century in India witnessed the emergence of poetry that combined romantic sensibility with fervent nationalism. Among the significant women poets who articulated this synthesis were Kuntala Kumari Sabat in Odia literature and Sarojini Naidu in Indian English poetry. This paper undertakes a comparative review of romanticism and patriotism in their poetic works. It examines how both poets negotiated emotional lyricism, nature imagery, feminine subjectivity, and nationalist discourse within colonial India. While Sabat’s poetry reflects a culturally rooted Odia romantic nationalism shaped by regional identity, Naidu’s works exhibit an aesthetic romanticism enriched by musicality and pan-Indian patriotism articulated in English. The study highlights thematic convergences and stylistic divergences, situating both poets within broader Indian Romantic-nationalist traditions.

[ 6 ] RUSSIA-UKRAINE WAR: A FOUR YEAR- LONG HOSTILITY

Saifuddin Biswas, Dr. Dipika Majumdar — Wed, 04 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The present Russia- Ukraine War is causing tremendous loss of properties and lives of people and creating economic, social, environmental and human problems throughout the world. Russia’s full-scale invasion on Ukraine, its south-west neighbour started on February, 24, 2022, when Putin, the President of Russia announced ‘a special military operation for the demilitarization and denazification of Ukraine’ (1). He claimed that Russia had no plans to occupy Ukraine, but within a few minutes’ missiles and airstrikes hit across Ukraine, including its capital Kyiv. Then happened a large ground-invasion on Ukraine by Russia from multiple directions. Russian attacks were initially launched on a northern front from Belarus towards Kyiv, a southern front from Crimea and a south- eastern front from Donesk and Luhansk. On April 9, 2022 a renewed Russian attack happened on the Donbas region. Russian forces continued to bomb both military and civilian targets. Ukraine, in response, enacted martial law, ordered general mobilization, retaliated back with counter- offensives and severed diplomatic relations with Russia. This war has not ended even in March, 2026; it is still going on.

[ 7 ] ORGANIZATIONAL CLIMATE FOR INNOVATION IN HEALTHCARE: LEADERSHIP AND TECHNOLOGICAL STRESS PERSPECTIVES

Shino Joy — Thu, 05 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Healthcare organizations are undergoing a rapid digital transformation that is restructuring clinical practices, leadership processes, and organizational dynamics. The implementation of electronic health records (EHRs), telemedicine, artificial intelligence, and integrated information systems has led to operational streamlining, increased service access, and improved operational efficiency and better patient outcomes. Nevertheless, complex job demands created by these technological advances can impact employee well-being, innovative abilities, and the organization as a whole (Vial, 2019; Shanafelt et al., 2016). Technostress, defined as the stress experienced when using information and communication technologies, has become one of the crucial issues concerning the health service (Tarafdar et al., 2007).Technostress is multidimensional; literature has identified technology overload, complexity, uncertainty, and invasion to negatively affect job satisfaction, performance, and psychological wellbeing (Ragu-Nathan et al., 2008). Within the concept of the Job Demands–Resources (JD-R) model, technostress serves as a job demand that drains cognitive and emotional resources, potentially limiting innovative work behaviour (Bakker & Demerouti, 2007). Because innovation depends on creativity, taking initiative, and creating psychological safety, too much technological overload can inhibit the innovation process in healthcare settings. In this article, we investigate the dynamic relations between technostress, digital leadership, and organizational climate for innovation in the health sector. Referring to Organizational Climate Theory (Amabile et al., 1996), it shows how a supportive environment with experimentation, collaboration, and knowledge sharing leads to better innovation outcomes. Digital leadership is significantly important in relieving technostress by linking technological undertakings with objectives of the organization, giving adequate resources and training, and stimulating adaptive cultures (Cortellazzo et al., 2019). According to Social Exchange Theory, leadership support generates reciprocal levels of engagement and commitment (Cropanzano & Mitchell, 2005). Drawing on stress, leadership, and innovation literatures, this study develops a unified framework that explains how digital leadership and innovation climate can both buffer technostress (as seen in the case of healthcare digitization) and foster sustainable innovation during a moment of healthcare digital transformation. The paper contributes theoretically by extending JD-R to the digital healthcare setting and offers concrete implications for leadership development, climate cultivation, and the management of technostress so that resilient innovative health systems may emerge.

[8] ਸੋਮਪਾਲ ਹੀਰਾ ਦੇ ਨਾਟ-ਸੰਗ੍ਰਹਿ “ਰੰਗ-ਰੰਗ ਦੇ ਨਾਟਕ” ਦਾ ਆਲੋਚਨਾਤਮਕ ਅਧਿਐਨ (A Critical Study of Sompal Heera’s Play Collection ‘Rang-Rang De Natak )

ਗੁਰਵਿੰਦਰ ਸਿੰਘ ( Gurvinder Singh ) — Sun, 08 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

ਸਾਹਿਤ ਰੂਪਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਨਾਟਕ ਇੱਕ ਖਾਸ ਕਿਸਮ ਦਾ ਰੂਪ ਹੈ ਜਿਸ ਵਿਚ ਪਹਿਲਾਂ ਰੂਪ ਲਿਖਤ ਪਾਠ ਤੇ ਦੂਜਾ ਰੂਪ ਮੰਚ ਪਾਠ ਸ਼ਾਮਿਲ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ। ਲਿਖਤ ਪਾਠ ਤੋਂ ਭਾਵ ਹੈ ਲਿਖੇ ਜਾਣ ਤੋਂ ਅਤੇ ਮੰਚ ਪਾਠ ਤੋਂ ਭਾਵ ਨਾਟਕ ਦਾ ਖੇਡੇ ਜਾਣ ਤੋਂ ਹੈ। ਨਾਟਕ ਦੇ ਲਿਖਣ ਸੰਚਾਰਕ ਵਿਚ ਪਾਤਰ, ਘਟਨਾਵਾਂ, ਗੀਤ, ਵਾਰਤਾਲਾਪ ਤੇ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਆਦਿ ਦੀ ਲੋੜ ਹੁੰਦੀ ਹੈ, ਦੂਜੇ ਪਾਸੇ ਮੰਚ ਪਾਠ ਵਿਚ ਰੌਸ਼ਨੀ, ਸਟੇਜ, ਪਾਤਰ, ਸੈਟਿੰਗ, ਵੇਸ਼ਭੂਸ਼ਾ, ਵਾਰਤਾਲਾਪੀ ਉਚਾਰਨ-ਚੜ੍ਹਾਵ ਤੇ ਆਵਾਜ਼ ਆਦਿ ਦੀ ਲੋੜ ਹੁੰਦੀ ਹੈ ਜਿਸ ਨਾਲ ਲਿਖਤੀ ਨਾਟਕ ਸਹੀ ਢੰਗ ਨਾਲ ਰੰਗਮੰਚੀ ਅਨੁਕੂਲਤਾ ਦੇ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ਚੱਲ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ।

ਨਾਟਕ ਭਾਰਤੀ ਸਾਹਿਤ ਵਿਚ ਮਹੱਤਵਪੂਰਨ ਰੂਪਕਾਰ ਦੇ ਤੌਰ ਤੇ ਜਾਣਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ ਕਿਉਂਕਿ ਸ਼ਾਸਤਰੀ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ ‘ਨਾਟਯ ਸ਼ਾਸਤਰ’ ਵਿਚ ਭਰਤਮੁਨੀ ਨੇ ਨਾਟਕ ਬਾਰੇ ਲਿਖ ਕੇ ਕਈ ਸੰਭਾਵਨਾਵਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਸਥਾਪਿਤ ਕਰਨ ਦਾ ਉਪਰਾਲਾ ਕੀਤਾ ਹੈ। ਦੁਨੀਆਂ ਦੇ ਨਾਟ ਇਤਿਹਾਸ ਵਿਚ ਭਾਰਤੀ ਨਾਟਕ ਦੀ ਸੰਸਕ੍ਰਿਤ ਨਾਟ ਪਰੰਪਰਾ ਮਾਲਵਗਾ ਸਬਾਬ ਰੱਖਦੀ ਹੈ ਕਾਲੀਦਾਸ, ਸ਼ੂਦਰਕ ਤੇ ਭਾਸ ਆਦਿ ਨਾਟਕਕਾਰ ਤੇ ਭਰਤਮੁਨੀ ਦਾ ‘ਨਾਟਯ-ਸ਼ਾਸਤਰ’ ਸਦਾ ਮਹੱਤਵਪੂਰਨ ਵਿਸ਼ਾ ਹੈ। ਪੰਤਰ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਦੇ ਨਾਟਕ ਦਾ ਇਤਿਹਾਸ 19 ਵੀਂ ਸਦੀ ਦੇ ਅੰਤ ਤੇ ਵੀਹਵੀਂ ਦੇ ਮੁੱਢ ਵਿਚ ਹੀ ਬਣਨਾ ਸ਼ੁਰੂ ਹੋ ਸਕਿਆ।¹ ਜਿੱਥੇ ਆਧੁਨਿਕ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਨਾਟਕ ਦਾ ਆਰੰਭ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ।

[9] বৈদিক সংহিতা ও বিশ্ব ঐকতানতার সুর (The Vedic Samhita and The Melody of Universal Harmony)

দীপঙ্কর বর্মন ( Dipankar Barman ) — Sun, 08 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

সংক্ষিপ্তসার: বেদ ভারতীয় সমাজ, সংস্কৃতি ও সংস্কারের কেন্দ্রবিন্দু ও অখিল ধর্মের আধারের মুলভিত্তি। যার মাধ্যমে প্রতিধ্বনিত ‘বসুধৈব কুটুম্বকম্’ যা সমগ্র বিশ্বচরাচর জীবজগৎকে একটি পরিবার প্রদান করে। এই শাস্ত্রটি সমগ্রতার মধ্যে একাত্মতা, সৎ হতে সত্যের অনুসন্ধান ও দার্শনিক ভিত্তির কেন্দ্রবিন্দু। এই জগতের সর্বপ্রকার সুখ ও দূঃখের প্রতিচ্ছবি ব্যক্তির জীবনে চিত্র বা সংস্কার রেখে যায়। এই চিত্র বা সংস্কারই ব্যক্তির চরিত্র। তেমনি বৈদিক সংস্কারের ভিত্তিতে আর্যধর্ম প্রতিষ্ঠিত। ধর্মের গোড়ামি ও কুসংস্কারের স্পর্শ থেকে মুক্ত আর্যসংস্কৃতি। সামাজিক ও মানবিক কল্যানের সার্বভৌম জ্ঞানের অমৃত বাণী, বিশ্বের ঐকতানতার সুরের গীতি ‘যত্র বিশ্বং ভবত্যেকনীড়ম্’ ঋষিকণ্ঠে ধ্বনিত হয়েছে। সমগ্র বিশ্বজগৎ এই বিষয়ে অবগত যে অতি প্রাচীনকালের মিশরীয়, সুমেরীয় ও মায়াসংস্কৃতির অবক্ষয়ের অনর্থের কারণ অসাম্য ধর্মীয় অসহিষ্ণুতা। রোমান ধর্মের উত্থানে অন্যধর্মের পতন নিশ্চিত করে । কিন্তু আর্যধর্মে এই ধ্বংসের বিপরীত উপনিষদের ত্যাগের ভাবনার বিকশিত বাণী- ‘মা গৃধঃ কস্যস্বিদ্ ধনম্’ । অর্থাৎ কোনরূপ ধনের আশা না রেখে ত্যাগের দ্বারা ভোগ সাধন করো। বর্তমানে বহির্বিশ্বের দিকে দৃষ্টিনিক্ষেপ করলে দেখাযায় ধর্মে ধর্মে হানাহানি ও দখলমূলক প্রবৃত্তি। যার স্থান ভারতীয় ধর্মশাস্ত্রে বিরল। এই অর্থেই সর্বত্র শীর্ষস্থান অধিকার ও সর্বজন স্বীকৃত হয়েছে আর্যধর্ম। সুপ্রাচীন কালের বৈদিক সমাজের সংস্কার ও সংস্কৃতি কি পারবে বিশ্বভ্রাতৃত্বের ঐক্যবদ্ধরূপ ঐক্যমঞ্চের বার্তা প্রেরণ করতে? বৈদিক ঋষির মুখনিসৃত সংজ্ঞানসূক্ত, পৃথিবীসূক্ত এগুলির মন্ত্ররাশি ঐকতানতার সুরে গীত একসাথে চলা একসাথে বলার ইশারা কি বিশ্বের সংযোগ সাধন ঘটাতে সক্ষম? সেই ঐকতানতার উদ্দেশ্য চরিতার্থে বিশ্বের দরবারে বৈদিক সংস্কৃতি ও ভারতীয় ঋষির কণ্ঠধ্বনি- ‘কেবলাঘো ভবতি কেবলাদি’ এই সহমর্মিতা আত্মতৃপ্তির ঊর্ধে মানবকল্যাণের বার্তা প্রেরণে সক্ষম। যা বিশ্বের সকল ধর্মাবলম্বির কাছে শ্রেয় অর্থে গৃহিত হয়েছে। এই মর্মে শাস্ত্রের গৌরবে পুনরায় ভারতবর্ষ বিশ্বগুরুর সর্বচ্চ আসনে আসিন হয়ে রবে।

[ 10 ] ANALYSIS OF HEAT TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS OF PIN-FIN HEAT SINKS UNDER NATURAL AND FORCED CONVECTION- A REVIEW

Dr. Shailandra Kumar Prasad, Prerna Rai — Sun, 08 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Efficient thermal management is a critical requirement in modern electronic systems due to continuous miniaturization and increased power density. Pin-fin heat sinks have emerged as an effective cooling solution because of their high surface area, enhanced mixing characteristics, and suitability for multidirectional airflow. This review paper presents a comprehensive analysis of heat transfer characteristics of pin-fin heat sinks operating under natural and forced convection conditions. The study examines geometrical configurations, fin materials, fin spacing, fin height, arrangement patterns (inline and staggered), and airflow parameters influencing thermal performance. Under natural convection, buoyancy-driven flow significantly affects thermal resistance and temperature distribution, while forced convection improves heat dissipation through enhanced turbulence and higher heat transfer coefficients. Experimental, numerical, and analytical investigations reported in the literature are critically reviewed to compare thermal resistance, Nusselt number variation, pressure drop, and overall efficiency. The influence of Reynolds number, Prandtl number, and fin geometry on heat transfer enhancement is also discussed. Furthermore, advancements such as perforated fins, micro pin-fins, and optimized geometries using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) are evaluated. The review identifies research gaps related to hybrid cooling techniques, optimization under low airflow conditions, and material innovation. The findings provide a consolidated understanding of performance parameters and design considerations for improved thermal management in electronic cooling applications. This review aims to serve as a reference framework for researchers and engineers working on compact and high-performance heat sink design.

[ 11] A STUDY ON SERUM ELECTROLYTE (SODIUM & POTASSIUM) IMBALANCES AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH HYPERTENSION AMONG THE ELDERLY IN DARBHANGA, BIHAR

Dr. MD Junaid — Sun, 08 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Hypertension is a major public health challenge among the elderly population in India. The role of serum electrolyte imbalances, particularly sodium and potassium, remains under-explored in the geriatric population of North Bihar [1, 2]. Objectives: To assess serum sodium and potassium levels in the elderly population of Darbhanga, Bihar, and to evaluate their association with hypertension [3]. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 elderly individuals (≥60 years) residing in various locations of Darbhanga city. Blood pressure was measured using standard protocols, and fasting serum sodium and potassium levels were estimated [4, 5]. Results: Out of 150 participants, 88 (58.7%) were hypertensive. The mean serum potassium level was significantly lower in the hypertensive group (3.72 ± 0.46 mEq/L) compared to the normotensive group (4.28 ± 0.40 mEq/L) (p<0.001). Serum sodium levels showed no significant difference. Hypokalemia was observed in 24 (27.3%) hypertensive compared to only 6 (9.7%) normotensives (p<0.01). Conclusion: A significant inverse association exists between serum potassium levels and hypertension in the elderly population of Darbhanga [11, 13].

[ 12 ] OCCUPATIONAL STRESS AMONG GOVT AND PRIVATE SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS OF CHANDIGARH

Harpreet Kaur — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Stress has become a part of everyday life. Teachers are more prone to stress because dealing with students and caring for their better performance throughout the day is itself a stressful situation. The increasingly demanding nature of their jobs has also increased pressure levels dramatically. Stress is not an illness, but it is a condition that can give rise to very illness. A study was conducted to compare the Government and Private Secondary School teachers of different academic streams viz. languages Mathematics and Science and Social Science of Chandigarh with respect to Occupational stress. 600 secondary school teachers from Chandigarh, India have been selected as a sample and data was collected through descriptive survey method by using Occupational Stress Index developed by AK Srivastava and AP Singh (1992). Results revealed that Government school teachers exhibited more occupational stress than Private school teachers. Teachers belonging to various academic streams viz. Language, Mathematics and Science and Social Science exhibited comparable perceptions related to role ambiguity, powerlessness, intrinsic impoverishment and unprofitability.

[ 13 ] ESG PERFORMANCE AND CORPORATE SUSTAINABILITY: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF INDIAN LISTED IT COMPANIES

Kavithashree M, Sunil G E, Bhavyashree K & Shivakumara C Y — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) criteria have emerged as critical determinants of corporate sustainability and long-term financial performance, particularly within the technology-intensive Indian information technology (IT) sector. Objectives: This study empirically investigates the relationship between ESG performance dimensions and corporate sustainability outcomes among Nifty IT-listed companies over the period 2019-2024. Methodology: Employing a balanced panel dataset of 30 Indian IT companies across 180 firm-year observations, the study applies fixed-effects panel regression, random-effects models, and the Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) to address endogeneity concerns. Findings: Results indicate a statistically significant positive relationship between composite ESG scores and all financial performance metrics (p < 0.01). The governance pillar exhibits the strongest explanatory power (beta = 0.412), followed by environmental (beta = 0.318) and social pillars (beta = 0.267). Firm size and R&D intensity moderate the ESG-performance nexus. Conclusion: Proactive ESG adoption creates sustainable competitive advantage for Indian IT companies, with significant implications for regulators, institutional investors, and corporate boards.

[ 14 ] A STUDY ON EFFECT OF GREEN ACCOUNTING IN BANKING SECTOR

Mruthula M Nair, Dr. S. B. Yadav — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Green accounting in banking industry refers to the process of introducing the environment costs, environmental risks, and information related to sustainability into financial and managerial accounting in a systematic manner. It allows banks to make their activities, lending activities and strategic plans consistent with environmental responsibility and long term sustainability objectives. This study is inspired by the growing pressure on banks to strike the right balance between the financial performance and the environmental accountability within a rapidly changing regulatory and sustainability environment. The need to empirically know the role of green accounting in terms of sustainable banking practices and long-term organizational effectiveness is increasing. The purpose of conducting this research is to evaluate the effect of green accounting in Banking Sector. The test used in the current study in One Sample t-test using R Studios. The analysis found that Reduces operational costs, improves corporate reputation, ensures regulatory compliance, Increases investor confidence, enhances risk management, promotes green loans and financing, raises employee awareness, Lowers carbon footprint, supports better decision-making, Boosts customer loyalty, aligns with sustainability goals, increases long-term profitability, and Encourages eco-friendly innovation are significant Effect of green accounting in Banking sector.

[15 ] EXPLORATORY STUDY ON CHALLENGES FACED IN GREEN ACCOUNTING

Mruthula M Nair, Dr. S. B. Yadav — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Green accounting practices entail recognition, quantification and reporting of environmental costs and impact in addition to financial data to assist in making sustainable decisions in organizations. The aim of these practices is to incorporate environmental considerations in the normal accounting systems instead of looking at them as distinct disclosures. The work is prompted by increasing significance of environmental responsibility and realistic challenges involved in utilizing green accounting by organizations. These challenges need to be known in order to provide effective adoption and significant incorporation of green accounting in the mainstream accounting practices. The purpose of conducting this study is to explore the challenges faced in Green Accounting. The technique used in this study is Text mining using the qualitative tool NVIVO 12. The findings of the study indicated The major challenges include the absence of clear rules, difficulty in measuring environmental costs, lack of reliable data, and high implementation costs. These issues indicate that green accounting suffers primarily from structural and methodological weaknesses, where unclear regulatory frameworks and data constraints make accurate measurement and reporting difficult, thereby discouraging organizations from adopting such practices. The moderate challenges relate more to organizational and human factors, such as lack of knowledge, non-supportive management, difficulty in integrating green accounting into existing accounting systems, and reliance on personal judgement in reporting. These suggest that even when frameworks exist, internal resistance, skill gaps, and system limitations hinder effective implementation. The minor challenges, including focus on short-term profit, fear of sharing information, false green claims, and changing government rules, reflect contextual and behavioural concerns that, while present, exert relatively less influence compared to structural and organizational barriers.

[ 16 ] EXECUTIVE DOMINANCE IN INDIA’S PARLIAMENTARY DEMOCRACY : TRENDS, CHALLENGES AND IMPLICATIONS

Pradip Karmakar — Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Electoral politics is the cornerstone of democratic governance ensuring that citizens can freely choose their representatives. However in recent years, the integrity and fairness of electoral processes have faced significant challenges. Among the most prominent issues are the increasing influence of money power, the use of muscle power, the spread of misinformation and the difficulties associated with enforcing the Model Code of Conduct. These factors collectively threaten the transparency, credibility and inclusiveness of democratic elections. Money power has emerged as a major concern in electoral politics, as excessive campaign spending, vote-buying and the use of unaccounted funds create an uneven playing field among candidates. This often undermines the principle of equal political competition and limits opportunities for candidates with fewer financial resources. Similarly, muscle power manifested through intimidation, coercion, and sometimes violence can influence voter behavior and suppress free political participation, particularly in vulnerable regions. Another growing challenge is the rapid spread of misinformation and disinformation through digital platforms and social media. False narratives, manipulated content and targeted propaganda can mislead voters, polarize communities and distort public debate during election periods. These developments complicate the task of maintaining informed and rational electoral choices among the electorate. Furthermore, while the Model Code of Conduct plays a vital role in regulating political behavior during elections, its effective implementation remains a challenge. Issues such as delayed enforcement, loopholes and limited punitive measures often reduce its deterrent effect. This study examines these emerging challenges and evaluates their impact on democratic electoral processes. It also highlights the need for stronger regulatory mechanisms, enhanced transparency in campaign financing, digital literacy among voters and more effective enforcement of electoral norms to safeguard the integrity of democratic elections.

[ 17 ] LANDSCAPE AS ETHICAL TERRITORY: ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP IN THE POETRY OF JUDITH WRIGHT

Mrinal Kanti Mahata — Thu, 12 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Judith Wright's poetry does something most nature writing never quite manages: it makes the land morally demanding. This paper argues that across poems like "South of My Days, ""Bora Ring,"" Lyrebird," and "Dust," Wright turns the Australian landscape into ethical ground — not a backdrop or a metaphor, but the source of obligations that human beings are answerable to. Reading her through Val Plumwood's ecological animism, Robin Wall Kimmerer's grammar of animacy, and postcolonial ecology, the paper shows
that Wright was practising a form of ecocriticism decades before anyone named the field.

[ 18 ] রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুরের প্রাথমিক শিক্ষাভাবনা: একটি পর্যালোচনা

সৌমি সাহা (Soumi Saha) — Thu, 12 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর (১৮৬১–১৯৪১) শুধু একজন কবি বা সাহিত্যস্রষ্টা হিসেবে নন, একজন দার্শনিক শিক্ষাচিন্তক হিসেবেও তিনি ভারতীয় বৌদ্ধিক ইতিহাসে এক বিশেষ স্থান দখল করে আছেন। ঔপনিবেশিক শিক্ষার যান্ত্রিক ও নিষ্প্রাণ কাঠামোর প্রতিক্রিয়ায় তিনি এমন একটি শিক্ষাদর্শন নির্মাণ করেছিলেন, যেখানে শিশু প্রকৃতির সংস্পর্শে, আনন্দের ভেতর দিয়ে এবং সৃজনশীল পথ ধরে জ্ঞানের দিকে এগিয়ে যাবে। এই প্রবন্ধে তাঁর প্রাথমিক শিক্ষাভাবনার মৌলিক উপাদানগুলো — শিশুর স্বাধীনতা, প্রকৃতি-কেন্দ্রিক শিক্ষা, মাতৃভাষার প্রাধান্য, শিক্ষার আনন্দময়তা এবং ব্রহ্মচর্যাশ্রমের আদর্শ — বিশ্লেষণ করা হয়েছে। পাশাপাশি মারিয়া মন্তেসরির শিক্ষাদর্শনের সঙ্গে তুলনামূলক আলোচনা, শান্তিনিকেতনের ঐতিহাসিক পরীক্ষা-নিরীক্ষা এবং সমকালীন শিক্ষাবিজ্ঞানের সঙ্গে তাঁর চিন্তার সামঞ্জস্যও এই গবেষণায় উপস্থাপিত হয়েছে।

[ 19 ] RECASTING REPRESENTATION: MANYAVAR KANSHI RAMJI AND THE DEMOCRATIC ASSERTION OF THE BAHUJAN

Kapil Sarkar — Thu, 12 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article examines the political thought and praxis of Manyavar Kanshi Ramji as a transformative intervention in the theory and practice of democratic representation in postcolonial India. Moving beyond procedural understandings of electoral democracy, Manyavar Kanshi Ram reconceptualized representation as a project of structural power transfer to the Bahujan the socially marginalized majority comprising Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Other Backward Classes, and minorities. Drawing intellectual inspiration from Babasaheb B. R. Ambedkar yet departing strategically from his approach, Manyavar Kanshi Ramji shifted the focus
from constitutional safeguards within elite-dominated frameworks to the consolidation of an autonomous political majority capable of capturing state power. Through the formation of BAMCEF as an ideological and organizational training ground, and later the establishment of the Bahujan Samaj Party in 1984, he institutionalized a new model of subaltern political mobilization rooted in demographic arithmetic, cadre-based discipline, and long-term consciousness building. The article argues that Manyavar Kanshi
Ram’s strategy of “social engineering,” which expanded the political base beyond Dalits to a broader Bahujan coalition, represented not opportunism but a pragmatic democratic method aimed at dismantling entrenched caste hierarchies through electoral means. By foregrounding numerical majority as a moral and political claim, he challenged tokenistic inclusion and critiqued cooptation within mainstream parties, insisting instead on autonomous representation as the basis of substantive equality. His politics redefined state
power as the “master key” for social transformation, thereby linking representation to governance, resource distribution, and symbolic dignity. While debates persist regarding majoritarian logic and ideological compromises, Manyavar Kanshi Ram’s intervention fundamentally altered the grammar of Indian democracy by centering caste-based exclusion within the discourse of popular sovereignty. The article concludes that his democratic assertion of the Bahujan constituted a radical yet constitutional reimagining of
representation one that sought not merely participation in the political system but its social reconstitution.

[ 20 ] TRANSFORMING RURAL INDIA: PANCH PARIVARTAN MODEL BOOSTS AGROECOLOGY, PRODUCTIVITY AND RESILIENCE

Dr. Santosh Kumar Singh & Rishabh Bajpai — Thu, 12 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Rural environmental degradation poses a major dilemma to the sustainable development in agrarian economies like India where indigenous activities are often in opposition to modern ecological demands. This paper proposes a comprehensive model, Panch Parivartan (Five Transformations) which is aimed at triggering sustainable rural environmental practices. Based on the native knowledge systems and the existing sustainability science, the framework contains five interconnected pillars: (1) Prakriti Parivartan (Nature Transformation), which supports agroecological agriculture; (2) Jal Parivartan (Water Transformation), which supports watershed management; (3) Mitti Parivartan (Soil Transformation), which supports regenerative soil health; (4) Urja Parivartan (Energy Transformation), which supports the integration of renewable sources of energy; and (5) Samuday Parivartan(Community Transformation). The study used the mixed-methodology and conducted pilot tests in three Uttar Pradesh villages by combining quantitative indicators (e.g., soil organic carbon content, rates of water retention, etc.) with qualitative ones (e.g., surveys of farmers, focus groups). Findings show that crop productivity is up by 28 per cent, water use is down by 35 per cent and the levels of chemical usage are down by 42 per cent within an 18-month framework with increased community cohesion. The efficacy of the framework in improving biodiversity and climate variability resilience is proved by statistical analysis (ANOVA, 0.01). The concept of panch
parivartan fills policy-practice divides by integrating scalability with the help of digital extension services and micro-finance connections. It suggests a replicable design to rural instances worldwide, and thus, calls upon the policy makers to focus on the transformative, bottom-up interventions in the achievement of UN Sustainable Development Goals 2, 13, and 15.

[21] संताल हो़पो़नाक् जियो़न रे जाहेर थान रेयाक् मो़हो़त्: मित् बिछना़उ

जितेश टुडू — Sun, 15 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

(सारतेत्) : जाहेर थान दो़ संताल हो़पो़नाक् मित् सो़नो़त् आनाक् जायगा कान ताकोआ; ओ़का रे दो़ संताल हो़पो़न को पुजा़ - पासाना आर बो़ंगा - बुरू ठेन को नेहो़र - आ़रजीक्आ जेमो़न आकोवाक् जियो़न सुलुक् निरा़य ते खेमाक् ताको बाड़े। ओ़ना सांव ते बो़ंगा - बुरू हो़ं को सारहाव तो़रा कोआ। जाहेर थान दो़ आतो़ रेयाक् कुल्ही मुचा़त् टो़ठा रे ताहेंनो़क् कान ताकोआ आर जाहेर रे दो़ आयमा लेकानाक् दारे को ताहेंना। ओ़ने ओ़ना दारे रेयाक् मो़ज हिसित् हो़य - बातास गे आतो़ सेच् चालाक्आ; मेताक् मे दारे - ना़ड़ी रे ताहेंन रेहेत् रान रेयाक् गुन - पुन गे आतो़ सेच् हो़य चालाक् ते आतो़ रेन हो़ड़ दो़ माराङ - माराङ रूवा़ - आजार खो़न रुखिया़ को ञाम एदा। संताल हो़पो़नाक् आतो़ सो़र रे जाहेर थान ताहेंनो़क् कान ते पुरहु हो़य ताला आक्सीजन रेयाक् ओ़ज दो़ बा़ड़ती गे ताहेंनो़क् काना; ओ़ना सांव ते मानवां आकोवाक् हो़ड़मो़ रे रूवा़ - आजार सांव ला़ड़हा़य ला़गित् हो़ड़मो़ रे दाड़े हो़य बा़ड़तीयेत् ताकोआ। ओ़नका लेका तेम मेन दाड़े केया जे सा़री गे जाहेर थान दो़ एकेन पुजा़ - पासा जायगा सुमुङ दो़ बाङ काना। मेताक् मे जाहेर थान रे मेनाक् दारे - ना़ड़ी को खो़न दो़ संताल हो़पो़न आकोवाक् हो़ड़मो़ ला़गित् आयमा पो़रहो़ को ञामेत् काना। ओ़ना तेगे हो़यो़क्आ पासेच् संताल हो़पो़न दो़ आ़डी कोम गे माराङ - माराङ रूवा़ - आजार रे बाको पा़ड़ाक् काना।

[22] PSYCHOLOGICAL HARDINESS AS A MODERATOR BETWEEN ACADEMIC STRESS AND EMOTIONAL WELL-BEING AMONG HIGHER SECONDARY STUDENTS

Saurabh Rastogi — Sun, 15 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Academic stress has become a pervasive concern among higher secondary students due to increasing academic demands, competitive
examination systems, and performance-oriented evaluation practices. Prolonged academic stress during late adolescence has been shown to adversely affect students’ emotional well-being, motivation, and psychological adjustment. However, individual differences in
psychological resilience may influence how students respond to academic pressure. The present study examines the moderating role of psychological hardiness in the relationship between academic stress and emotional well-being among higher secondary students. A
quantitative research approach employing a correlational survey design was adopted. Data were collected from 300 Class XI students
studying in U.P. Board schools in Prayagraj city. After screening the data for completeness and consistency, 291 valid responses were
retained for final analysis. Standardised psychological instruments were administered to measure academic stress, psychological
hardiness, and emotional well-being. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s productmoment correlation, and regression-based moderation analysis. The findings revealed a significant negative relationship between academic stress and emotional well-being, indicating that higher levels of academic stress are associated with poorer emotional wellbeing
among students. Psychological hardiness was found to be positively related to emotional well-being and negatively related to
academic stress.

[23] ENHANCING SALINITY RESILIENCE IN VIGNA RADIATA L. THROUGH BRASSINOLIDE AND Α-TOCOPHEROL-MEDIATED OXIDATIVE STRESS REGULATION

Aamir Abdullah, R. Somasundaram & K. Silambarasan — Sun, 15 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Salinity stress disrupts cellular redox homeostasis, leading to an imbalance in the production and scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This imbalance primarily arises from disturbances in the electron transport chains during photoinhibition and from reduced cellular water potential. Under saline conditions, ROS levels increase rapidly. Excessive accumulation of ROS can become cytotoxic, causing damage to cellular components and potentially leading to cell death if not effectively regulated. In the present investigation, a pot culture experiment was carried out to examine the effects of sodium chloride (NaCl) stress and the potential ameliorative role of the plant growth regulators brassinolide and α-tocopherol in Vigna radiata L. The growth regulators were administered through foliar spraying, with brassinolide applied at a concentration of 4 mg L⁻¹ and α-tocopherol at 200 mg L⁻¹, whereas salinity stress was imposed by soil drenching with 80 mM NaCl solution. The experimental plants were arranged into six treatment
groups: control, NaCl alone, NaCl combined with brassinolide, NaCl combined with α-tocopherol, brassinolide alone, and α-tocopherol
alone. Plant samples were collected randomly on the 25th, 35th, and 45th days after sowing for the assessment of various parameters. The results indicated that foliar supplementation with α-tocopherol and brassinolide significantly alleviated the adverse effects of salinity stress in Vigna radiata. This mitigation was evidenced by a reduction in oxidative stress indicators, particularly malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), suggesting an improved oxidative balance and enhanced stress tolerance in treated plants.

[24] BRIDGING THE DIVIDE: THE KNOWLEDGE GAP HYPOTHESIS, AND RURAL HEALTH COMMUNICATION IN THE DAWNING OF AI

Sabyasachi Bhattacharjee — Sun, 15 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The rapid diffusion of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in health communication has generated optimism about reducing long-standing disparities in access to health information, particularly in rural communities. Yet, communication theory cautions that new information technologies may differentially benefit social groups, thereby widening inequalities. Drawing on the Knowledge Gap Hypothesis, this paper examines how AI-driven health communication may both mitigate and exacerbate health knowledge disparities in rural contexts. Through a synthesis of literature in communication studies, public health, and digital health, the paper develops an abstract framework outlining the conditions under which AI functions as a gap-narrowing versus gap-widening force. The analysis highlights the roles of socio-economic status, digital literacy, infrastructural access, and cultural mediation in shaping outcomes. The paper concludes by articulating theoretical contributions to the Knowledge Gap Hypothesis in the AI era and offering implications for communication research and rural health practice.

[25] THE MARGINALIZED COMMUNITIES OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY AND THE UNIVERSAL MOTHERHOOD OF SRI SRI SARADA DEVI

Payel Bhattacharjee — Sun, 15 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

In the 19th century, when caste distinctions of high and low, and concepts of purity and untouchability, reached their extremes, a few sages appeared, including Vivekananda and Ramakrishna, as well as Sri Sarada Devi. Being an almost uneducated woman from a rural village, her expression of motherhood towards the so-called lower castes is known as one of the rarest of rare instances. Whether they are Dalits, lower castes, slaves, or anyone else, everyone was identified as a child of the mother in her life. Even as an ordinary woman, her extraordinary attitude made people from all walks of life think deeply. From that era to today, and even into the future, this universal motherhood of Srima Sarada Devi shows a unique path to society. A person's true essence transcends caste, class, and religion on this path. This path invites everyone to embrace it, teaching the human heart to broaden and fill with service and compassion.

[26] HAUNTED BY THE SELF: AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL ECHOES IN THE SELECT FICTION OF HILARY MANTEL

Simmi Bano, B.D. Pandey — Sun, 15 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This research paper explores the autobiographical perspectives in the novel of Hilary Mantel. Hilary Mantel considered the most acclaimed British author of contemporary fiction. She remains unnoticed after the publication of her trilogy on Thomas Cromwell's life. The present article is an attempt to show autobiographical elements in her novels that Mantels focused on her family life, alienation, feminism, religion, power, politics and childhood. Hilary Mantel was suffering from Endometriosis, which causes her many pain and infertility. Her life was fairly lonely and austere. Though Mantel's novels historical in content but in some context it contains autobiographical elements and intimate details of her life especially Every Day is a Mother’s Day (1985), Vacant Possession (1986), Eight Months on Gazzah Streets (1988), A change in climate (1994), An experiment in love (1995), a collection of short-stories Learning to Talk (2003), and a memoir Giving up the Ghost (2003).She deals with loss of dream, faith, children, childhood, religion, migration and roots.

[27] DEEPFAKES AND SYNTHETIC MEDIA: EMERGING LEGAL ISSUES IN THE DIGITAL INFORMATION ECOSYSTEM

Dr. Manoj Yadav — Tue, 17 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The fast progress of artificial intelligence has led to the creation of complex technologies that can make very realistic fake media, known as deepfakes. Deepfakes use computer programs to create fake audio, video or images that look real but are actually made by machines. In today’s world these technologies have had a big impact on how we communicate what we see on social media, entertainment and politics. While fake media can be useful in areas like movie making, education and digital art using them in the way raises serious concerns about what is right and wrong and about the law. Deepfakes are more and more being linked to people’s information being shared without permission, false information, online lies, internet scams and other types of internet crime. When fake content is shared it can hurt people’s reputation make it hard for people to trust each other and even threaten democracy. Because of these concerns laws around the world are trying to control the use of these technologies but the laws we have
now are often not good enough. This study is looking at how deepfakes and fake media' being developed and what legal problems are coming up because of their wrong use online. The study is using an approach by looking at laws, court decisions and what experts have written. The study found that our current internet laws do not do enough to protect people from the harm caused by deepfakes and it shows that we really need laws, better ways to detect fake content and stronger rules, for the internet to deal with the problems caused by fake media. The research is focusing on deepfakes and synthetic media. It wants to understand the legal challenges that come with them. Deepfakes are a problem and we need to find a way to stop them from causing harm. We need to look at deepfakes and figure out how to make laws that will protect people from them. Deepfakes and synthetic media are not going away so we need to be prepared to deal with them¹.

[28] OVERCOMING LINGUISTIC HURDLES: EXPLORING LANGUAGE LEARNING CHALLENGE IN INDIA'S MINORITY COMMUNITIES

Manojit Roy — Tue, 17 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This qualitative exploration has determined to look at the challenges tackled by language minorities in India usually in learning second and third languages. India is a land with over 22 commandingly recognized languages and numerous minority languages. In Indian multilingual scenario the language minority people face numbers of a number of social and psychological obstacles when they go to learn second language or third language besides their mother tongue in the formal institution. Despite efforts to support multilingualism, language barriers prolong to pose major obstacles for minority communities in India. The barriers create some hindrances in the system of formal education system run by the government also. This exploratory study inspects those issues faced by minority communities in India in learning second and third languages. The study identifies various key challenges, including inadequate language instruction, insufficient exposure to the target language, and cultural and linguistic differences.The findings also draw attention to the significance of developing language learning equipments and programs that furnish to the precise needs of minority communities. This study contributes to the available literature on language learning and minority communities, stressed on
the requirement for inclusive language policies and practices that persuade linguistic multiplicity and social insertion. The findings have intimation for language instructors, policymakers, and communal leaders working to prop up language learning and social mobility among minority communities in India.