Multidisciplinary Journals for Research & Reviews | ijmrr.online https://ijmrr.online/index.php/home <p><strong>International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research &amp; Reviews (ISSN: 2945-3135) is a Multidisciplinary, Peer Reviewed, Referred, Open Acess, Scientific Journal.<br /></strong>IJMRR brings out quarterly publication i.e. four issues in a year. The journal is managed and operated by River Publication House &amp; Media Private Limited, Kol-700 049, WB, IN. IJMRR adheres ethical guidelines recommended by Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and University Grant Commission (UGC).</p> <p>The prestigious international editorial team reflects spacious spectrum of subject coverage in the journal. IJMRR is dedicated to publish high quality research article, Review article, Short communication, Case report, Posters, Slides notes, and Conference materials.</p> <p>International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research &amp; Reviews (IJMRR) has wide scope for different fields of Arts, Humanities, social sciences, Pure Sciences, Applied Sciences, Management, Education, Health sciences, &amp; emerging Technologies.</p> <p><strong>Aims &amp; Scope :</strong></p> <p><strong>Section-A: Arts, Humanities &amp; Social sciences</strong></p> <p><strong> </strong>Humanities, Social sciences, Community and Consumer Sciences, Economics, Political Science, Geography, Philosophy, History, Humanity, and Languages concerning with social science, Anthropological, Behavioral Sciences, Sociology, Journalism and Role of Media in social science, Role of NGOs in the protection of the environment. Educational Sciences: For School Students, Women, Village and Society, Commerce, Law and Management related with humanities and social science, anthropology, communication studies, criminology, cross-cultural studies, demography, development studies, economics, education, ethics, geography, history, industrial relations, information science, international relations, law, health, linguistics, library science, media studies, methodology, philosophy, political science, population Studies, psychology, public administration, sociology, social welfare, linguistics, literature, paralegal, performing arts, religious studies, visual arts, women studies, economics, international relations, development studies, population studies, political science, history, journalism and mass communication, corporate governance, cross-cultural studies, peace and conflict, library and information science, public administration, psychology, philosophy, sociology, women studies, religious studies, social welfare, anthropology, linguistics, etc.</p> <p><strong>Section-B: Business, Management &amp; Law</strong></p> <p>Organizational Behaviour, Management Development, Accounting and Finance, Business Ethics, Strategic Management, Marketing, Operations Management, R&amp;D Management, Business Economics, Public Sector Management, Business ethics and legal issues, Business policies, strategies, and performance, Business and retail research, Business security and privacy issues, Consumer behaviour, corporate governance, Emerging advances in business and its applications, Innovation and product development, International business issues, Management and retail marketing, Marketing management and strategies, Relationship management, Risk Management, Retail Management and communication, New venture start-up, Retail buying, MIS and Retail Management, Demographics and Retail Business, HRM and Retail Business Innovation in Retail Management, Law and management</p> <p><strong>Section-C: Pure Science </strong></p> <p>Mathematics, Physics, Statistics, Astrophysics, Oceanography, Geology, Chemistry, Biological sciences, Agricultural Sciences, Food Science, Nutrition, Biochemistry, Bioinformatics, Biomedical science, Veterinary Sciences, Molecular Biology, biotechnology, environmental sciences, Plant Sciences</p> <p><strong>Section-D: Engineering &amp; Technology </strong></p> <p>Computer Science Engineering, Electronics &amp; Telecommunication, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Automobile Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Material Science Engineering, Energy Engineering, Robotics, AI, Computing</p> <p><strong>Section-E: Medical Sciences &amp; Healthcare</strong></p> <p>Medicine, Neurology, Gastroenterology, Radiology, Oncology, Pediatrics, Cardiology, Endocrinology, Orthopedics, Diabetes, Nephrology, Pulmonology, Dermatology, Hematology, Immunology, Ophthalmology, Gynecology, Surgery, Anesthesiology, Toxicology, Cancer research, Alzheimer, Infectious Diseases, Clinical Psychology, Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation, Paramedical science, Nursing and Healthcare, Pharmaceuticals Science, Clinical Research, , Molecular Biology, Nutrition, Pathology, Reproductive Medicine, ,Forensic Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing, Public health, Health and hospital management.</p> <p>The scope includes above field but not limited.</p> <p><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Mandatory disclosure for authors:</span></strong></p> <p>Contributions must be original, not previously or simultaneously published elsewhere, and are critically reviewed before they are published. Papers, which must be written in English, should have sound grammar and proper terminologies. Authors must follow all ethical guidelines for academic publication and standard plagiarism policy.</p> <p>The published papers are made highly visible to the scientific community through a wide indexing policy adopted by this online international journal. Hence, they can freely be accessed and utilized by everyone for the development of science and technology. Being a part of an eco-friendly community, favors and promotes e-publication of papers to truly present itself as an online journal.</p> <p><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Article submission process</span></strong></p> <p>(1) <strong>Online submission system</strong></p> <p>(2) <strong>E-mail Submission</strong>: <strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong style="color: blue; font-weight: bold;">editor@ijmrr.online</strong></span></strong></p> RIVER PUBLICATION HOUSE & MEDIA en-US Multidisciplinary Journals for Research & Reviews | ijmrr.online 2945-3135 [1] AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF PROBLEMS FACED BY INVESTORS ON DIGITAL INVESTMENT PLATFORMS https://ijmrr.online/index.php/home/article/view/241 <p>Goal-based investing and real-time instructional notifications are two ways that digital platforms democratise financial access. Digital investment platforms, which combine technology and investing techniques, have completely changed the financial landscape by providing a variety of tools and assets to meet the demands of different types of investors. These systems, which include cryptocurrency exchanges, online trading platforms, and robo-advisors, provide advantages such improved market access, cost effectiveness, and automated portfolio management. Although there are many benefits to digital investing platforms, there are hazards as well, which should be controlled by legislation and education. Achieving the optimal potential of these platforms requires striking a balance between accessibility and prudent investing. Thus, the purpose of this study is to explore the problems faced by investors on digital investment platforms. The technique used to analyse the data is one sample t-test. The findings of the study indicate that “Poor customer support, website technical glitches, Delayed transactions or settlements, Complex user interface, Frequent app crashes, Lack of integration with bank accounts, Unavailability of certain investment products, Complicated mutual fund comparison tools, No human advisory support, Unclear tax implications, Slow app performance during market hours, Difficulty in account opening/KYC process, Inconsistent app notifications or alerts, Lack of demo or trial features before investing” are significant high problems faced by Investors on Digital Investment Platforms.</p> Shah Urvi Naresh Dr. Ram Tanajirao Kachare Copyright (c) 2025 @Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ 2025-07-10 2025-07-10 1 12 [2] SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF NETWORK MARKETING AS A SECONDARY SOURCE OF INCOME https://ijmrr.online/index.php/home/article/view/242 <p>G&nbsp;Multi-level marketing (MLM), another name for network marketing, gives people the chance to make money through commissions on team-building activities as well as sales. In light of job insecurity and growing financial goals, this study investigates how network marketing works as a supplementary source of income and how it affects participants' socioeconomic position. Understanding how network marketing functions as a sustainable secondary revenue stream in the face of growing economic uncertainty is the driving force behind this project. The purpose with which this research was conducted was to evaluate the socio-economic status of network marketing as a secondary source of Income. The technique used in the current study is one sample t-test. The outcome of this research indicated that Increased income, reduced financial stress, Increased savings, Improved social status, strengthened social networks, Recognition for business activities, Better time management, Improved leadership skills, Enhanced sales and marketing knowledge, Enhanced overall quality of life, Improved work-life balance, and Better expense management are significant Socio economic status of Network marketing as a secondary source of Income.</p> Rahul Suryawanshi Dr. Vilas G. Dapke Copyright (c) 2025 @Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ 2025-07-12 2025-07-12 13 22 [3] EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS DEVELOPMENT THROUGH INTERNSHIPS: A CROSS-STREAM COMPARISON OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY https://ijmrr.online/index.php/home/article/view/259 <p>The researcher attempted to find out how internship experiences vary with reference to professional development, career preparedness, and challenges faced during internship across two academic disciplines of Social Science and Humanities Stream and Science and Technology Stream. The researchers used a descriptive research design and collected data from 105 interns using convenience sampling in Mumbai city. The researcher found that professional skill development due to internship was rated higher by Social Science and Humanities stream in comparison to Science and Technology Stream. Career Preparedness outcomes were rated higher by Social Science and Humanities stream in comparison to Science and Technology Stream. For the challenges faced, Social Science &amp; Humanities Stream perceive the issue of not receiving a stipend and balancing academics and internship responsibilities as a greater concern compared to those in Science &amp; Technology Stream. Furthermore, for challenges faced, both the streams reported similar levels of difficulty in finding a suitable internship, perceived mentorship and guidance issues similarly, perceived workload intensity similarly, and reported comparable level of learning opportunities.</p> Gawde Vijay Maruti Subhadra Dr. Varsha Mallah Copyright (c) 2025 @Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ 2025-08-02 2025-08-02 23 32 [4] TRANSGENDER OPINION ABOUT HARASSMENT AND EXPLOITATION IN THE KALABURAGI DISTRICT OF KARNATAKA STATE https://ijmrr.online/index.php/home/article/view/260 <p>Every human being without any discrimination should get equal rights. However, the rights of transgender persons are often denied. Frequently, they are subjected to hatred, harassment, exploitation, unkindness, physical injury, and abuse. Due to lack of social, economic, and educational, they get engaged in dangerous professions are harassed and exploited. Thus, in this study, the researcher attempt is to find out the harassed and exploited of transgender persons in Kalaburagi city of Karnataka state, whether in working place or public places are acceptable in safeguarding their rights and to create public awareness to accept them as a part of society by adopting a friendly attitude towards them. The researcher has taken 50 samples of TG respondents in this study.</p> Dr. Amitharani Copyright (c) 2025 @Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ 2025-08-02 2025-08-02 33 42 [5] PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION OF LIGHTNING ACTIVITY AND MICROPHYSICS OVER THE WESTERN HIMALAYAS USING THE WRF MODEL https://ijmrr.online/index.php/home/article/view/261 <p>Lightning is a highly destructive atmospheric phenomenon, capable of causing fatalities and extensive damage to infrastructure in a short time. Although the overall frequency of lightning occurrences is relatively low in the North Indian Himalayan region, the consequences can be severe when such events do occur. To better understand lightning activity in this region during 2023, we utilized data from both the Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) aboard the International Space Station (ISS) and the Indian Lightning Location Network (ILLN). Since LIS provides observations only at 10:00 (121 flashes/hour) and 18:00 (421 flashes/hour) UTC, high-temporal-resolution ILLN data were essential for detailed analysis. To complement the observations, we conducted high-resolution simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, focusing on three microphysics (MP) schemes: Thompson (MP=8), Morrison (MP=10), and WDM5 (MP=14). Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) simulations revealed that the Morrison scheme produced a broader and more intense region of instability, aligning well with the spatial patterns of observed lightning activity. The WDM5 scheme simulated more intense but spatially confined lightning occurrences. Additionally, each microphysics scheme generated distinct ice cloud characteristics: Morrison resulted in widespread and relatively stable cloud formations; Thompson produced deep convective structures; and WDM5 yielded vertically extensive, fragmented cloud layers. When compared with ILLN observations, the Morrison scheme demonstrated the best agreement in terms of spatial lightning distribution, whereas WDM5 tended to underestimate the coverage and suggested that further refining will be helpful to capture the lightning activities in the complex Himalayan region.</p> Sanjeev Kumar Alok Sagar Gautam Karan Singh Sawan Anirudh Tomar Amar Deep Aman Deep Vishwkarma Yasti Panchbhaiya Copyright (c) 2025 @Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ 2025-08-03 2025-08-03 43 61 [6] BARRIERS TO TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION IN URBAN COOPERATIVE BANKS https://ijmrr.online/index.php/home/article/view/264 <p>Urban Cooperative Banks (UCBs) are essential for advancing financial inclusion since they offer professionals, small companies, and the urban poor access to reasonably priced banking services and credit facilities. Working under the cooperative ideals of democratic governance and mutual benefit, they promote economic growth and savings at the local level. The purpose of conducting this study is to evaluate the barriers to technology adoption in Urban Cooperative Banks. The technique used in this study is Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). The findings of the study indicated that major barriers to technological adoption in Urban Cooperative Banks are Technological Barriers, Organizational Barriers, and Customer-Related Barriers.</p> Neelam Dharamraj Maurya Dr. Sangeeta Shinde Copyright (c) 2025 @Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ 2025-08-03 2025-08-03 62 71 [7] NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF HEAT TRANSFER IN METAL FOAM HEAT SINKS EMBEDDED WITH POROUS MEDIA UNDER FORCED CONVECTION https://ijmrr.online/index.php/home/article/view/267 <p>This study discusses metal foam heat sinks under forced convection using porous media. Parameters such as porosity, pore density, and Reynolds number were studied, indicating enhanced thermal performance compared to solid heat sinks due to greater surface area and turbulence. Metal foams increase heat dissipation, and hence they are suitable for cooling electronics, automotive systems, and renewable energy equipment. The results offer engineers improved design considerations for high-performance thermal management. Experimental validation of the results and the search for improvements through nano-engineered foams are recommended for future work.</p> Shailandra Kumar Prasad Prerna Rai Copyright (c) 2025 @Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ 2025-08-15 2025-08-15 72 85 [8] A STUDY ON FACTORS INFLUENCING INVESTORS TOWARDS THE ADOPTION OF DIGITAL INVESTMENTS https://ijmrr.online/index.php/home/article/view/268 <p>Digital investments are the utilization of internet-based platforms and technology for purchasing, selling, and dealing in financial instruments like stocks, mutual funds, digital gold, and so on. They are more accessible, convenient, and economical, particularly well-suited to young and technology-literate investors in India's growing digital economy. Increasing ownership of smartphones and access to the internet have democratized investing, and hence it is important to understand what drives investor behavior towards digital investments. Motivation for this study stems from the desire to investigate such factors in a bid to enable financial institutions to come up with improved services and ensure inclusive digital financial participation. Structural Equation Modelling was the statistical analysis used in the current study using SMARTPLS. The results of this study indicated that there is a significant impact of Perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and trust and security on Adoption of Digital Investments.</p> Mezbin Shamshuddin Khan Nafisa1 Dr. Shamim Sayed Copyright (c) 2025 @Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ 2025-08-15 2025-08-15 86 93 [9] EDUCATIONAL CHALLENGES: A CATALYST FOR UNDERDEVELOPMENT https://ijmrr.online/index.php/home/article/view/269 <p>Education is the genesis of development. However, the education system in Manipur is in a precarious state. Despite some efforts, the state fails to provide decent education in the government schools, particularly in the hill areas. This paper aims to investigate how persistent educational challenges, including inadequate infrastructure, insufficient human resources, declining enrollment, and poor educational outcomes, contribute to underdevelopment in low-income regions such as the Tamenglong district of northeast India. the study explores the critical intersection between educational challenges and underdevelopment, highlighting how systemic issues in the education sector contribute to persistent economic stagnation and social disenchantment in the district. Interviews and focus group discussions are used to gain an in-depth understanding of the issue and identify and analyse key challenges. Human Capital Theory is used to examine how educational gaps affect socioeconomic difficulties. The findings indicate difficulties in human capital formation, socioeconomic stagnation, inequality, limited economic growth, and destabilised social and political institutions. The paper concludes that addressing educational failure and systemic issues is paramount and suggests the extensive requirement of educational reforms to rescue the generations at stake and to enhance human capital development to break the cycle of underdevelopment and achieve sustainable progress.</p> Phoibiliu Newmai Temjensosang Copyright (c) 2025 @Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ 2025-08-15 2025-08-15 94 115 [10] FOOD AND NUITRITIONAL SECURITY OF MILLETS: A SUSTAINABLE SOLUTION FOR TRIBAL COMMUNITIES https://ijmrr.online/index.php/home/article/view/270 <p>E&nbsp;Millets are small-seeded cereals that play a Pivotal role in ensuring food and nutritional requirements of people, especially among socially disadvantaged sections. There are many variants of millets like, pearl millet, finger millet, foxtail millet, and sorghum, by and large, millets thrive in arid and semi-arid climatic regions. Millets are staple food for several tribal communities. This study looks in to nutritional contents of millets such as dietary fiber, proteins, vitamins, and minerals like calcium, iron, and zinc which is prevent malnutrition and hence a disease-resistant life. The Study also focuses on how the millet cultivation can play a role in sustainable agriculture practice, improve soil fertility and increase biodiversity. Additionally, the study finds that millet farming can provide a sustainable source of income too for tribal communities. The overall objective of this study is to show that millet cultivation and consumption has the potential to replace conventional paddy and wheat farming for ensuring food and nutritional security of tribal populace, particularly in the emerging scenario of climate change and food-shortages. It therefore advocates concerted administrative and institutional policies and initiatives for promotion of millet farming of all varieties, their widespread consumption and all-round marketing.</p> Aishwarya Majhi Jyotirmay Mohanty Copyright (c) 2025 @Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ 2025-09-05 2025-09-05 116 126