This study examines logistics and supply chain management (LSCM) through a multidisciplinary framework with specific reference to India in the contemporary global context. Using Michael E. Porter’s value chain as the conceptual foundation, the paper integrates insights from operations management, information technology, finance, human resource management, environmental studies, and public policy. Empirical evidence from the DPIIT–NCAER national logistics cost assessment is employed to analyze sector-wise logistics burdens, modal cost structures, and global benchmarking. The findings indicate that while India has achieved a significant reduction in logistics costs to below eight percent of GDP, structural inefficiencies persist in modal mix and sector-specific logistics practices. The study contributes to commerce and management literature by offering an India-centric, empirically grounded, and globally relevant framework to guide policy formulation, managerial decision-making, and future research.