Kokrajhar Town, which is in Assam and serves as the headquarters for the Bodoland Territorial Council (BTC), has undergone considerable change demographically and spatially during recent times. This paper explores changes resulting from population growth patterns, migration from rural areas to cities, and socio-economic impacts of these changes in Kokrajhar Town's demographics. The methodology of this study uses secondary census data from the census office as well as primary socio-economic survey data collected from residents in Kokrajhar Town to show how expanding educational institutions, the establishment of administrative institutions, and opportunities for trade have increased the flow of people into Kokrajhar Town. The findings show that although Kokrajhar Town's growth has led to a more diverse economy and increased the number of small businesses in the informal trade sector and expanded public infrastructure, it has also made existing inequalities between horizontal structures more extreme, put pressure on public utilities in Kokrajhar Town, and created a complex multilingual city that needs urgent attention regarding urban planning. Specifically, planning efforts should develop strategies to match infrastructure investment with the availability and sustainability of economic opportunity for a long-term outcome in the future as the largest institutional centre of BTC, located in Lower Assam.