This systematic review paper investigates the evolution, challenges, and advancements in side-view mirror maintenance tools, aiming to bridge the gap between safety and convenience in automotive design. The paper explores the historical development of side-view mirrors, ranging from basic reflective surfaces to the integration of smart technologies. It delves into the challenges faced by drivers in maintaining optimal mirror conditions and examines the state-of-the-art maintenance tools, categorizing them based on their functionalities and technological advancements. Safety implications and performance evaluation metrics are discussed, emphasizing the critical link between maintenance and driver safety. User experience and convenience take center stage, with an exploration of user-friendly solutions and their integration into automotive design. The conclusion highlights the key findings and proposes future directions for research, emphasizing the need for continued innovation and collaboration in this domain.

The advent of 3D printing technology in concrete construction has ushered in a new era of innovation and potential transformation for the industry. This review paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the state-of-the-art in 3D printing for concrete construction, spanning the period from 2019 to 2022. It explores the historical evolution of 3D printing in construction, emphasizing its significance in the concrete industry. The paper delves into the challenges and opportunities faced by this technology, examining technological hurdles, material considerations, and regulatory compliance. Furthermore, it highlights recent advances, such as innovations in 3D printing equipment, materials development, and collaborative research initiatives. The conclusion reflects on the current status of 3D printing in concrete construction, offering insights into future directions and emerging trends that are poised to shape the industry. Through a thorough examination of existing literature, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the present landscape and future possibilities of 3D printing in the context of concrete construction.

E-learning has emerged as a substitute for traditional classroom instruction as a result of the quick adoption of technology in education. While e-learning has many advantages, it also has its own set of difficulties, particularly for pupils in government institutions. In the context of e-learning, this research explores the problems and challenges experienced by students in government schools. This study intends to shed light on the obstacles that prevent government school students from successfully participating in online learning and achieving academic achievement by studying these difficulties. The technique used in this study is non-parametric Wilcoxon one sample signed rank test. The findings of the study indicated that Lack of devices, Limited internet connectivity, technical literacy, Lack of hands-on learning, Cost of data (internet), Long term learning skills, Lack of motivation and No one to one attention were seen to be high problems. Language barriers, Limited career guidance and Health issues were seen to be low problems.

Open Ground Storey (OGS) structures are inherently vulnerable to seismic failure due to their soft storey behavior, which significantly reduces lateral stiffness and increases the risk of collapse during earthquakes. To address this critical issue, the implementation of additional Lateral Load Resisting Systems (LLRS) is essential for enhancing the seismic resilience of these buildings. This study focuses on the behavior of three-dimensional (3-D) OGS infilled reinforced concrete (R.C.) frames subjected to seismic loads. Specifically, it investigates two types of LLRS: the provision of stiff columns at the ground floor and the installation of shear walls in various locations and configurations. The performance of these enhanced OGS structures is compared with conventional OGS configurations and bare frames, both with and without considering the effects of infilled frames. A comprehensive literature survey revealed several gaps, including the limited analytical investigations on the feasibility of shear walls as LLRS for OGS structures under lateral (earthquake) loads, the predominance of two-dimensional (2D) single bay models in existing studies, and the absence of comparative analyses across different building heights and earthquake zones as specified in IS 1893-2002. To bridge these gaps, the present study employs analytical modeling and analysis using SAP 2000 to evaluate 3-D R.C. framed structures with varying heights (low, medium, and high), different heights of the open ground floor, and across all seismic zones outlined in IS 1893-2016. Additionally, the study assesses the relative performance of shear walls placed at corners, sides, cores, and combinations thereof. The primary objectives of this research are to understand the dynamic behavior of infilled and OGS frames during earthquakes, evaluate the effectiveness of different LLRS configurations in providing adequate lateral strength, stiffness, and ductility, and identify the optimal shear wall arrangements to mitigate the soft storey effect. By achieving these objectives, the study aims to inform structural design practices, ensuring the safety and minimal damage of high-rise OGS buildings in seismic regions.

The Gender identity of an individual plays an important aspect of life, as Gender often refers to a person’s intrinsic value of being a female, male, transgender or transsexual. Sometimes, we find instances, when our body is not tune with all of its proper attributes. This leads to genital anatomy problems and an individual may opt to undergo surgery. There might be cases, when the individual do not have access to the operation. Everyone is entitled to enjoy basic human rights which becomes the fundamental necessity to survive among our peers, without discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity. ‘Transgender’ means a person who is— (A) Neither wholly female nor wholly male; or (B) A combination of female or male; or (C) Neither female nor male; and whose sense of gender does not match with the gender assigned to that person at the time of birth, and includes trans-men and transwomen, persons with intersex variations and gender-queers (Kinra 2019). Third Gender is usually out of the mainstream gender discourse but they face acute neglect and discrimination because of their gender which makes them the most disempowered and deprived gender. The discussion is limited to the issues of third gender which includes eunuchs, hermophrodites, Shiv-shaktis, Aradhis, Sakhis, Hijras, Kothis, Jogtas/Jogappas, Kinnars, Khusras etc.