EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON HEAT TRANSFER ENHANCEMENT USING CNT NANOFLUIDS WITH EMPHASIS ON SAFE NANOMATERIAL HANDLING

ARTICLE INFO: Date of Submission: May 30, 2025, Revised: June 12, 2025, Accepted: June 17, 2025, https://doi.org/10.56815/ijmrr.v4.sp1.2025.59-69

Abstract

Nano fluids refer to fluids which include particles of Nano meter dimensions known as nanoparticles. These fluids contain small particles that are suspended within standard fluids. Nano fluids have experienced worldwide research interest ever since scientists first identified their unexpected thermal

Properties. The improvement of heat transfer through Nano fluids serves as a common heat transfer method for various heat transfer applications. Research shows that Nano fluids demonstrate substantial heat transfer improvement while proving ideal for microelectronics, pharmaceutical processing, fuel cells and hybrid engine systems as well as domestic refrigerator, chiller, heat exchanger and boiler flue gas temperature reduction. A comprehensive analysis of heat transfer improvement through Nano fluids and their potential applications is presented in this review. The review paper delivers an updated evaluation of Nano fluid heat transfer applications to guide future research because relevant studies are widely distributed across heat transfer, material science, physics, and chemical engineering and synthetic chemistry disciplines. The modification of thermal and rheological properties in Nano fluids becomes possible through the integration of nanoparticles which leads to better heat exchanger performance. The study investigates how nanoparticle features which include concentration and size and shape affect the behaviour of Nano fluids. The thermos physical features of Nano fluids combined with their flow characteristics serve as critical elements to evaluate heat transfer efficiency and pressure loss.