[ 16 ] EXECUTIVE DOMINANCE IN INDIA’S PARLIAMENTARY DEMOCRACY : TRENDS, CHALLENGES AND IMPLICATIONS

ARTICLE INFO: Date of Submission: Feb 23, 2026, Revised: Mar 5, 2026, Accepted: Mar 8 , 2026, CrossRef D.O.I : https://doi.org/10.56815/ijmrr.v5i3.2026.172-182. How To Cite: Pradip Karmakar (2026). Executive Dominance in India’s Parliamentary Democracy : Trends, Challenges and Implications. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research & Reviews, 5(3), 172-182.

Abstract

Electoral politics is the cornerstone of democratic governance ensuring that citizens can freely choose their representatives. However in recent years, the integrity and fairness of electoral processes have faced significant challenges. Among the most prominent issues are the increasing influence of money power, the use of muscle power, the spread of misinformation and the difficulties associated with enforcing the Model Code of Conduct. These factors collectively threaten the transparency, credibility and inclusiveness of democratic elections. Money power has emerged as a major concern in electoral politics, as excessive campaign spending, vote-buying and the use of unaccounted funds create an uneven playing field among candidates. This often undermines the principle of equal political competition and limits opportunities for candidates with fewer financial resources. Similarly, muscle power manifested through intimidation, coercion, and sometimes violence can influence voter behavior and suppress free political participation, particularly in vulnerable regions. Another growing challenge is the rapid spread of misinformation and disinformation through digital platforms and social media. False narratives, manipulated content and targeted propaganda can mislead voters, polarize communities and distort public debate during election periods. These developments complicate the task of maintaining informed and rational electoral choices among the electorate. Furthermore, while the Model Code of Conduct plays a vital role in regulating political behavior during elections, its effective implementation remains a challenge. Issues such as delayed enforcement, loopholes and limited punitive measures often reduce its deterrent effect. This study examines these emerging challenges and evaluates their impact on democratic electoral processes. It also highlights the need for stronger regulatory mechanisms, enhanced transparency in campaign financing, digital literacy among voters and more effective enforcement of electoral norms to safeguard the integrity of democratic elections.