[ Paper Id: 79013 ] Carbon-Neutral Concrete Mixes: Experimental Evaluation of Concrete Incorporating Industrial by-Products to Achieve Near-Zero Embodied Carbon
This study presents the design, production, testing and life-cycle assessment of a locally-produced carbon-neutral concrete (CNC) mix for use in infrastructure in the Kolkata metropolitan region (West Bengal, India). The mix replaces a portion of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) with industrial by-products (fly-ash, ground granulated blast-furnace slag, calcined clay) as partial cement replacement in M35 grade concrete and incorporates CO₂ mineralisation technology. A full cost–strength–CO₂ emissions sensitivity analysis is carried out for a typical 1,000 m³ volume. Results show a reduction of embodied CO₂ by ~X % relative to a conventional M30 mix, with comparable 28-day compressive strength of ~Y MPa, and cost impact of only +/- Z %. The study also includes durability testing (water absorption, chlorideingress), and presents implementation recommendations for local concrete producers and infrastructure owners. The outcomes support the transition to low-carbon infrastructure in India.