Background: Women’s football in India has evolved significantly over the past five decades despite facing socio-cultural barriers, limited institutional support, and infrastructural challenges. From informal school-level participation in the 1970s to the establishment of structured competitions and professional leagues, the sport reflects broader changes in gender roles and sports governance in India. Certain regions—Manipur, West Bengal, Odisha, and Kerala—have emerged as key developmental hubs.

Objectives: This study aims to trace the historical evolution of women’s football in India; examine the role of selected regional hubs in talent development and competitive growth; analyze socio-cultural, economic, and institutional influences on participation; and identify achievements, challenges, and future directions for sustainable development.

Methods: The study adopts a qualitative descriptive research design based on secondary data analysis. Sources include academic journal articles, AIFF reports (2016–2023), historical records, and regional case studies. A thematic regional analysis approach was used to compare contributions, socio-cultural contexts, institutional mechanisms, and developmental outcomes across the four selected states.

Results: Findings reveal that Manipur has consistently produced international-level players due to strong grassroots networks and cultural acceptance. West Bengal has leveraged its urban club structure and school tournaments to provide competitive exposure. Odisha has promoted inclusion through state-supported academies and tribal outreach programs, while Kerala has integrated progressive educational and sports initiatives to foster female participation. Across regions, women’s football has contributed to social empowerment, leadership development, and mobility for marginalized girls. However, challenges such as financial constraints, infrastructural gaps, limited professional contracts, and unequal media coverage persist.

Conclusion: Women’s football in India demonstrates transformative potential for gender equality and social development. Strengthening grassroots systems, expanding professional pathways, enhancing infrastructure, and ensuring inclusive policy support are essential for sustainable growth and international competitiveness.