Lullabies are a significant component of oral folk tradition, representing the emotional, cultural, and social life of communities. In Assam, lullabies, commonly known as nichukani geet, are practiced among various indigenous groups and play a crucial role in early childhood care and cultural transmission. This study focuses on lullabies of Assam with special reference to the Mising and Dimasa communities. It aims to analyze their thematic elements, linguistic features, and cultural significance. Mising lullabies are closely linked to the natural environment and reflect riverine life, often portraying nature, motherhood, and daily activities. On the other hand, Dimasa lullabies are shaped by tonal linguistic structures and emphasize social values, beliefs, and traditional practices. These lullabies not only soothe children but also serve as mediums of informal education and cultural continuity. The study adopts a qualitative research approach based on secondary data such as books, journals, and reports, along with limited field insights. The findings reveal that lullabies function as important tools of emotional bonding between mother and child, early learning, and preservation of cultural identity among these communities. However, increasing modernization, urbanization, and technological influences are contributing to the gradual decline of this oral tradition. Therefore, the study highlights the urgent need for proper documentation, preservation, and promotion of lullabies as an essential part of Assam’s rich intangible cultural heritage.