Agrarian distress has emerged as a critical socio-economic issue in India, particularly in regions dependent on rain-fed agriculture. The present study examines the socio-economic profile of farmers, extent of agricultural indebtedness, major causes of agrarian distress, and the relationship between debt burden and psychological stress among farmers in Jalgaon district of Maharashtra. A descriptive and analytical research design was adopted with a sample of 200 farmers selected through multistage random sampling from selected blocks of Chopda, Yawal, Raver, and Amalner. Data were collected using a structured interview schedule and analyzed using percentage, mean, and chi-square statistical tools. The findings reveal that a majority of farmers are small and marginal, with 79% of respondents being indebted. High input costs, low crop prices, crop failure, and loan repayment pressure were identified as major distress factors. The chi-square test indicated a significant relationship between debt level and psychological stress (χ² = 16.42, p < 0.05). The study concludes that agrarian distress is a multidimensional problem requiring integrated social, economic, and psychological interventions. Recommendations include strengthening irrigation, enhancing crop insurance awareness, promoting farmer producer organizations, and providing mental health support at the village level.