This research aims to evaluate the Central Himalayan aerosol properties and negative impacts on extreme meteorological conditions, like cloudburst and flash floods. In using secondary data, the study analyses the application of machine learning models such as Random Forest, XGBoost and LSTM in findings and forecasting the likelihood of extreme weather by the use of aerosol and meteorological factors. An early warning system, which is vital for disaster preparedness and environmental policy, can be developed using an AI-based predictive model. The results point to the importance of aerosols in weather and reveal the effectiveness of employing AI techniques for better decision-making and climate adaptation. The study describes how AI can be incorporated into conventional meteorological initiatives and offers policy advocacy and capacity-strengthening strategies for meteorological departments in the Central Himalayan region.

 In contract poultry farming, farmers contribute labour and infrastructure, while poultry firms (integrators) engage into agreements with farmers to produce birds using company-supplied inputs such as chicks, feed, and medication. This concept has a substantial socioeconomic impact as it provides farmers with guaranteed income, jobs, and technical assistance. Its long-term advantages and durability, however, may be constrained by issues including poor profit margins, a lack of autonomy, and uneven power relations. The research aimed to evaluate the socio-economic impact of contract poultry farming on farmers. Structural equation model was used to analyse the collected data. The findings of the study indicate that there is a significant impact of Involvement in Contract Poultry Farming on standard of living, economic security, and social wellbeing.

 The food delivery business in Mumbai is a vibrant and quickly expanding sector that serves the city's fast-paced and diverse population. The role of artificial intelligence in food delivery systems to optimize operations and improve customer experiences is becoming more and more demanded by customers who want faster, more individualized, and more efficient food delivery services. Predictive analytics for customer retention, dynamic menu customization, predictive delivery time estimation, AI chatbots for food ordering, and automated customer query resolution are some of the factors that are the subject of this paper. The difficulties and elements that affect food delivery system optimization and improve customer experiences are further examined in the paper. The creation of food delivery applications in Mumbai and future improvements to food delivery services would benefit from these findings.

Contract broiler farms are viewed as a way to provide rural farmers in India more financial and social influence. Because it provides rural farmers with a different source of income, less dependence on the monsoon, good working conditions, and all the essentials supplied straight to their doorstep by contract integrators, the contract poultry industry is a major success story. But every coin has two sides, hence, the purpose of this exploratory study is to evaluate the problems faced by farmers in contract poultry farming. The technique used in this study is Text mining using the qualitative tool NVIVO 12. The findings of the study indicated that the major challenges faced by Farmers in Contract Poultry Farming are Delay in supply of chicks, Low-quality feed provided, Frequent bird diseases, no timely veterinary support, and low income despite hard work. The moderate challenges faced by Farmers in Contract Poultry Farming include no insurance for poultry loss, Difficulty in getting loans or credit, no freedom to buy own inputs, High maintenance costs not covered and Poor waste disposal methods. The minor challenges faced by Farmers in Contract Poultry Farming Lack of cold storage for vaccines or medicines, the Burden of cleaning and disinfecting after each cycle, no legal help during disputes, and the Company ignoring farmer feedback.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) plays an important role in enhancing data security by identifying threats and responding to them effectively. This paper explores how AI-directed security will help in data protection by identifying dangers, reducing cyber risks, and ensuring real-time threat management. AI-driven tools such as machine learning-based anomaly detection, deep learning models for malware identification, automated threat intelligence systems, and advanced encryption techniques empower individuals and organizations to safeguard sensitive data. Also, AI-powered security solutions like biometric authentication and AI-assisted cyber security frameworks enhance defence mechanisms against evolving threats. The method of qualitative approach that includes a systematic review of AI-based data protection techniques and to analyse the ethical challenges, privacy concerns, and adaptive capabilities of AI-based security solutions for mobile devices. The research involves a systematic review, expert interviews, and case studies to assess the effectiveness of AI in mitigating cyber threats. Findings indicate that AI significantly improves data protecting of mobile by detecting threats with high accuracy while raising ethical concerns regarding data privacy, false detection and adaptability. The paper emphasis on the development of an ethical, efficient, and adaptive AI-driven security framework for mobile devices.

The research explores AI over-dependency in education while examining its helpful effects on critical thinking. It aims to measure how often students rely on AI tools, for what purposes they use AI, and to what extent they rely on AI-generated content without verifying it. This study also analyzes the impact of AI over-dependency on students' ability to evaluate, analyze, and interpret information for decision-making. It further assesses cognitive engagement using critical thinking assessment skills across four key dimensions: interpretation, analysis, evaluation, and inference. The study examines whether students promote passive information consumption of AI- generated content or actively engage intellectually. It also aims to identify strategies for balancing AI assistance with traditional problem-solving methods to enhance critical thinking skills. The research is descriptive and exploratory in nature. The primary data collection method used, while the analysis relies on critical thinking assessment skills to measure students' cognitive engagement. Secondary data is collected from news articles, research papers, and journal publications. This study also seeks to determine how frequently students use AI for completing academic tasks, whether they directly accept AI-generated content or verify it with other sources. Additionally, it aims to understand whether AI negatively impacts students' problem-solving abilities. The study evaluates whether students accept AI-generated biased information or think critically rather than just accepting direct answers. It also examines whether students excessively rely on AI tools. Finally, this research provides strategies for balancing AI assistance with traditional problem- solving methods to ensure the development of critical thinking skills.

Heat exchangers play a crucial role in many industries. It helps in transferring heat between fluids. The term flow arrangement refers to the way fluids flow inside the heat exchangers. The variety in the flow arrangement significantly affects the efficiency of the heat exchanger. The primary aim of this article is to efficiently explore how these flow arrangements affect the performance of the heat exchanger. This exploration has been done in this article by reviewing existing studies. The article has compared the thermal effectiveness of each configuration with the help of a secondary qualitative approach. It has highlighted several key factors like the distribution of temperature, drop of pressure, as well as the complexity of design. It has also discussed the tradeoffs that have been continually faced by engineers. The study has identified four main themes, including heat transfer efficiency, pressure dropIndustry applications, and design and maintenance. The insights gained from the analysis of the specified themes will significantly help engineers in choosing the most suitable flow arrangement while simultaneously maintaining a balance between efficiency and practicality in real‑world applications.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is incredibly essential the real estate sector since it can improve client experiences, decision-making, and process optimisation. Real estate agents can effectively evaluate enormous volumes of data, forecast market trends, and customise client interactions with the help of AI-powered algorithms. In addition, AI makes predictive analytics and proactive property management possible, enabling stakeholders to effectively reduce risks and make well-informed investment decisions. The focus of conducting this research is to explore the transformative impact of Artificial Intelligence on the real estate industry. The technique used in this study is one sample t-test. The outcome of the study indicated that Improved Property valuation, Enhanced property search, Virtual tours, Predictive analytics, Fraud detection, Market trend analysis, Customized property, Seamless property paper process through AI, Improved property listing, Enhanced navigation of property and Enhanced customer service are the significant impact of AI on the real estate industry.

This paper takes a closer look at how traditional construction practices, the use of locally available natural materials, and design strategies inspired by nature can lead to buildings that are not only environmentally friendly but also more comfortable across different climates. The focus is on Indo-Saracenic architecture, which blends elements of British Victorian design with Indian aesthetics. What stands out is that Indian craftsmen and architects did not simply adopt British architectural models. Instead, they reinterpreted them, adjusting the designs to better suit local weather conditions and cultural preferences. They incorporated thoughtful features such as central courtyards, intricately carved stone screens known as jalis, and wide, shaded verandahs. These elements helped keep interiors cooler and more pleasant, especially in hot climates. In contrast, many contemporary buildings rely heavily on cement and steel, which are not always ideal in terms of heat regulation and often come with a larger environmental footprint. Traditional materials like stone, clay, and lime, on the other hand, have proven to be more sustainable and climate-responsive. They naturally insulate spaces and have a longer lifespan. The concept introduced here is Synthetic Vernacular Architecture. It is about creatively merging time-tested architectural traditions with modern building technologies. This hybrid approach can lower environmental impact while also preserving local identity. The paper recommends that urban planners and architects consider weaving these traditional ideas into today’s construction guidelines. By revisiting older methods, using region-specific materials, and designing with nature in mind, it is possible to create modern urban spaces that are not just energy-efficient, but also culturally and climatically in tune with their surroundings.

The Indian Knowledge System (IKS), an ancient Indian wisdom, is now included in syllabus as part of NEP 2020. The researchers attempted to compare the academic performance of Commerce and Information Technology students towards IKS topics of Vedic Mathematics and Ayurveda, but no significant differences were found between their academic performance. Furthermore, Overall IKS was reported to be more beneficial in comparison to conventional subjects in the viewpoint of students except for ease of understanding and better career opportunities. There were substantial differences reported in how IKS is perceived in comparison to conventional subjects by offering valuable insights into health and wellness. The researchers recommend developing a balanced curriculum, making IKS more application oriented towards industries, and using innovative teaching methods so that students remain interested despite IKS’s perceived difficulty.

Sikkim is not merely a geographical entity but a sacred landscape deeply rooted in the cultural and spiritual significance of its indigenous communities. It highlights how oral traditions and ritual practices are imbued with sacrosanct by the diverse communities, where sacred sights are not only loci for religious and spiritual practice but also dynamic arenas where identities are negotiated and culturally bounded. This paper examines the sacred landscape of Sikkim through an anthropological lens, focusing on how cultural boundaries and perceptions are constructed, maintained, and transformed through spiritual engagements with the land. Through ethnographic fieldwork, oral narratives, and historical analysis, the study highlights how sacred territories of Sikkim are constructing and maintaining the spiritual engagement of the land through religious perspectives in contemporary modern society. Drawing through Indigenous communities’ practices, particularly in the context of the Bhutia community, the paper further explores the interplay between the belief system, territory, and cultural practices.

Henry James's The Golden Bowl (1904) and The Portrait of a Lady (1881) provide a deep dive into human connections and moral conundrums via their complex webs of marital, ethical, and self-related issues. Isabel Archer's tragic marriage to Gilbert Osmond in The Portrait of a Lady is a test bed for themes of independence, deceit, and the conflict between individual values and social norms; the play ends with Archer's moral determination to honor her vows despite Osmond's treachery. On the other side, The Golden Bowl depicts Maggie Verver's deft handling of her marriage to Prince Amerigo in the face of his adultery, shedding insight into the complicated dynamics of power, moral uncertainty, and self-transformation within such relationships. Both books highlight the tension between personal freedom and societal norms within marriage and how morality is ultimately a relational construction impacted by actions and their outcomes. The self, as shown by Maggie's pragmatic empowerment and Isabel's tragic perseverance, echoes James's psychological realism and his complex analysis of how one defines oneself.  Through this theme analysis, the complex literary vision of James is revealed, including his ever-changing views on the relationship between individual liberty, moral obligation, and societal norms.

Health insurance is a rapidly developing service sector in India. As India's economy expands people in both urban and rural regions becoming more educated and health-conscious, contributing to increased demand for better healthcare and health insurance. In India, both the government and commercial sectors offer health insurance options. Since deregulation, private sector insurance enterprises have entered into the market, offering innovative remedies for consumers with excellent product. Liberalization encouraged foreign businesses to enter the health insurance industry. Government recently announced 100% FDI towards the health insurance sector. As a result, the health insurance business has been growing. The Indian government is working on improving healthcare and insurance services. The present government recently proposed comprehensive health insurance. Through new scheme Ayushman Bharat, Government tried to provide free medical care, including insurance for serious diseases, to the poor population and government servants. The increasing number of educated young, awareness regarding lifestyle diseases, and tax advantages have prompted growth in the health insurance market, leading it to be the fastest growing non-life insurance category. Companies are concentrating on customer satisfaction, decreasing costs, and incorporating new technologies to generate prosperity. Due to certain difficulties faced by the consumers’ while lodging a claim in reimbursement process and getting the amount of claim. Cashless service was introduced by the service providers to minimise those issues faced by their consumers. The insurance companies are providing this cashless feature to the customers for their convenience during sudden hospitalisation. This article examines the current state of cashless health insurance in India, including their future prospects and difficulties.

Women's work is a very important topic in discussions about women's rights and social status. A woman does not depend solely on men without doing anything, yet society does not want to determine the social value of women's work. Society believes that women are unemployed. In fact, women spend most of their time doing household chores, raising children and carrying the responsibility of a household. Society may not include family work as work because these activities do not contribute to the household income. In addition, women who have come out of the household to pursue higher education or are employed are sometimes ridiculed by society. Women face various problems in the workplace – gender division of labour, lack of motivation to engage in public works, balance between family and work, equality of work. They face various challenges such as prices, economic gaps, racism, motherhood and women's careers, and gender bias. Feminism speaks out about these issues and finds solutions to women's problems. Feminism developed in the liberal democratic political environment of the West, mainly inspired by Western individual freedom and democracy. Feminism originated in the 19th century. Initially, feminist thought took root in France. Mary Allston Craft -Vindication Rights of the Women, Simonda Bivoir's Women in the Sex clarified the concept of feminism. Different types of feminism-- liberal feminism, Marxist feminism, extremist feminism, socialist feminism, environmental feminism-- analyze the ages with feminist thought. Among them, socialist women say that as long as women are dependent on men in all aspects, there will be violence against women in society, so it is very important for women to be self-reliant. Our paper attempts to analyze women's works with feminist thought.

Digital technology has emerged as a disruptive force and is becoming a crucial component of many different businesses worldwide, including the banking sector. It has significantly increased interest across all industries and transformed how businesses function by altering their entire business structures. Nowadays, a wide range of sectors are developing several use cases for Blockchain technology by tailoring and personalizing it to meet their requirements. The technology is used to offer a decentralized approach to app development. This article explains the architecture and framework of blockchain technology as it relates to banking. Additionally, it goes over the characteristics and advantages of blockchain technology as well as how to use it to improve KYC practices and lower bank non-performing assets (NPAs), paying special emphasis to cooperative banks. Additionally, a questionnaire focused on the importance of blockchain management in lowering NPA in UCBs in the Mumbai region was created utilizing research assumptions.

Epilepsy is a long-term neurological condition marked by repeated seizures that occur without any clear trigger, caused by irregular electrical impulses in the brain. Despite significant advances in neuroscience, the global burden of epilepsy remains high, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This review seeks to present an in-depth understanding of epilepsy by combining age-old perspectives with current clinical knowledge and practices. It highlights historical perspectives on epilepsy, cultural beliefs, and ancient therapeutic approaches, while aligning them with current understanding of its etiology, classification, diagnostic criteria, and treatment modalities. Emphasis is placed on contemporary pharmacological therapies, surgical options, and emerging interventions such as neuromodulation and dietary therapies. In addition, the role of traditional and complementary medicine—including the use of herbal formulations and mind-body practices—is critically evaluated for their potential as adjuncts to conventional care. This integrative approach underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary perspective in improving patient outcomes, enhancing treatment adherence, and reducing stigma associated with epilepsy. The review concludes by identifying gaps in current practice and suggesting future research directions to bridge cultural beliefs with evidence-based medicine.

Network Marketing (NM), involves direct sales of products, often in a hme or social setting, distinguishing it from traditional retail models.  This model has shown a rapid growth, mostly worldwide. It fosters to teamwork and community, as success depends on building a supportive network of distributors. Therefore, the goal of this study is to assess the variables affecting retention in NM companies. The data that was gathered was analysed using a structural equation model. The research found that there is a significant influence of “motivation and commitment, perceived financial rewards, and support and mentorship on retention in NM business.

Green Investments are on the rise around the world due to the major concern worldwide regarding the degradation of the environment, climate change, and global warming. Generation Z’s are those people who are born between the year 1997 and 2012. This generation has a distinct eye for technology innovations, advancement in all walks of life as well are environmental conscious. This research is conducted with the purpose to understand what makes the Gen Z’s adopt green investment. Their interest in making environmentally positive financial decision is crucial given this generation has increased purchasing power, social consciousness as well as they are digitally literate. The study used the Theory of Planned Behavioural framework to investigate the behavioural intentions of the Gen Zs towards adoption of Green Investment. The statistical technique used in this study is Structural Equation Modelling. The results of this analysis indicated that there is a significantly positive influence of attitude, perceived behavioural control, and subjective on the intention towards ESG investments. Also, it was further seen that although perceived behavioural control showed significant influence on the intentions towards ESG investment, it was seen as a considerably lower influence that those attitude and subjective norms. These findings suggest that there is need for improvement in this factor.

The development of the human liver starts during the third to fourth week of embryonic life. As the largest internal organ, the liver is structurally separated into 2 main (left and right) lobes, along with two smaller lobes (caudate and quadrate). Liver diseases are among the leading causes of death globally, affecting millions of people, including over Thirty (30) million in the United States alone. This vital organ acting a central role in numerous physiological functions such as metabolism, detoxification, immune defense, digestion, and vitamin storage. The liver maintains internal homeostasis by processing nutrients, synthesizing important proteins, and neutralizing toxins. Liver damage, whether caused by viral infections like hepatitis, genetic metabolic disorders, or chronic alcohol abuse, can severely disrupt these critical processes. Key functions include bile production, metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins, and the detoxification of xenobiotics. Hepatocytes constitute about 60–70% of the liver’s cellular composition and are primarily responsible for the synthesis of plasma proteins, including albumin, acute-phase proteins and clotting factors. The remaining cells—stellate cells, Kupffer cell, and endothelial cells—play supportive and immune-regulatory roles.This article outlines the external and anatomical structure of the liver, discusses its functional physiology, and evaluates the hepatoprotective potential of herbal formulations in clinical settings. Notably, herbal preparations such as silymarin, glycyrrhizin, and Liv-52 have shown promising results in the managing the liver cirrhosis, hepatitis, and alcoholic liver disease.

This article examines the intersections of Dalit feminism, digital
technologies, and legal frameworks in contemporary India, focusing on how
Dalit women navigate emerging forms of inequality and resistance within
online spaces. The background of the study is rooted in the historical
marginalization of Dalit communities and the persistence of caste-based and
gendered discrimination, which increasingly extends into digital
environments shaped by artificial intelligence, social media platforms, and
data-driven governance. While digital technologies are often celebrated for
democratizing expression, they simultaneously reproduce structural
hierarchies through algorithmic bias, digital exclusion, and cyber-violence.
Dalit women, in particular, encounter targeted online harassment, casteist
abuse, and violations of privacy, raising critical questions about access to
justice and the adequacy of existing legal protections.
Methodologically, the article adopts a qualitative and interdisciplinary
research design, combining textual analysis of legal frameworks (including IT laws and human rights provisions), critical discourse analysis of digital
platforms, and engagement with Dalit feminist scholarship. An
intersectional analytical framework is employed to examine how caste,
gender, class, and digital access interact within technological and legal
systems. The study also draws on case-based illustrations of online
harassment and activism to highlight lived experiences and strategies of
negotiation.
The analysis demonstrates that Dalit women exercise agency through digital
activism, strategic visibility, and community-building, even within hostile
online environments. However, their capacity to claim rights remains
constrained by gaps in legal enforcement, institutional bias, and the
inadequacy of cyber laws in addressing caste-based digital violence. The
article argues that legal frameworks often fail to recognize the intersectional
nature of online harm, thereby limiting effective redress. In conclusion, the
study proposes that achieving digital justice requires a feminist and
intersectional reconfiguration of legal and policy approaches. Strengthening
cyber laws, ensuring accountability of digital platforms, and promoting
inclusive digital access are essential for addressing systemic inequalities.
Dalit feminism emerges as a critical framework for understanding and
transforming the relationship between technology, law, and social justice in
India.

The Resource-Based View (RBV) has become a cornerstone in strategic management and marketing literature, emphasizing that sustainable competitive advantage arises from a firm’s unique, valuable, rare, inimitable, and non-substitutable (VRIN) resources. In the context of marketing strategy, RBV provides a powerful lens for understanding how firms can leverage tangible and intangible resources to differentiate themselves in competitive markets. This paper explores RBV as a theoretical framework for marketing strategy, highlighting its application in brand building, customer relationship management, innovation, and digital transformation. The study outlines effective marketing techniques grounded in RBV principles and demonstrates how resource orchestration
can strengthen long-term market positioning.

In India, social entrepreneurship has developed as a growingfield that integrates innovation, entrepreneurship, and community-based accountability to resolve social, economic, and environmental issues. The rapid growth of global integration, widening economic gaps, persistent poverty, and insufficient healthcare availability and qualityeducation have made social entrepreneurship increasingly important. This studyexplores the fundamental mechanisms of social entrepreneurship in India, its main difficulties andbarriers, and the considerable opportunities for upcoming growth. It draws on secondary data from books, journals, government and nongovernment reports, and online sources and references. The study shows that social entrepreneurship is vital for encouraging social change, long-term development, and economic development through community-oriented and innovation-led business models. Obstacles such as limited investment and financing, uncertain policy frameworks, infrastructure- relatedproblems, and unskilled personnel hinder its progress. Still, digital innovations, public-sector support, participation of educational institutions, and expanding social opportunities for innovation offer substantial capacity for the sector's growth. The study aims to show that socially driven entrepreneurship is emerging as a powerful means to promote inclusive and India’s long-term sustainablegrowth, improve livelihood standards in both rural and urban areas, and resolve community problems with sustainable approaches.