यह शोध पत्र स्वतंत्रता के तत्काल बाद भारतीय राष्ट्रीय कांग्रेस के भीतर उभरे आंतरिक सत्ता-संघर्ष और वैचारिक ध्रुवीकरण का सूक्ष्म विश्लेषण करता है। शोध का केंद्रबिंदु 1950 का कांग्रेस अध्यक्षीय चुनाव है, जहाँ पुरुषोत्तम दास टंडन (पटेल समर्थित) और जे.बी. कृपलानी (नेहरू समर्थित) के बीच का मुकाबला मात्र दो व्यक्तियों की प्रतिद्वंद्विता नहीं, बल्कि दो भिन्न 'भारत दृष्टियों' का टकराव था।अध्ययन यह रेखांकित करता है कि कैसे जवाहरलाल नेहरू की धर्मनिरपेक्ष-समाजवादी आधुनिकता और सरदार वल्लभभाई पटेल के यथार्थवादी-पारंपरिक राष्ट्रवाद ने पार्टी के भीतर एक 'द्वैध शासन' (Diarchy) जैसी स्थिति उत्पन्न कर दी थी। टंडन की जीत ने प्रारंभिक तौर पर पार्टी संगठन पर पटेल के सांगठनिक नियंत्रण को सिद्ध किया, किंतु पटेल के निधन के उपरांत नेहरू द्वारा टंडन को पद छोड़ने पर विवश करना, कांग्रेस के इतिहास में एक निर्णायक मोड़ साबित हुआ।यह शोध तर्क देता है कि इस प्रकरण ने न केवल पार्टी के भीतर 'दक्षिणपंथी' प्रभाव को कमजोर किया, बल्कि भविष्य के लिए यह सिद्धांत भी स्थापित कर दिया कि लोकतांत्रिक ढांचे में प्रधानमंत्री का पद पार्टी अध्यक्ष के पद से अधिक प्रभावशाली होगा। अंततः, यह पत्र निष्कर्ष निकालता है कि टंडन का इस्तीफा और नेहरू का अध्यक्ष पद संभालना, कांग्रेस के 'सामूहिक नेतृत्व' के दौर के अंत और 'नेहरूवादी सर्वसम्मति' के युग के उदय का प्रतीक था।

यह शोध पत्र स्वतंत्र भारत के प्रथम प्रधानमंत्री जवाहरलाल नेहरू के कार्यकाल (1947–1964) के दौरान भारत की गुटनिरपेक्षता (Non-Alignment) की नीति का एक गहन और आलोचनात्मक विश्लेषण प्रस्तुत करता है। द्वितीय विश्व युद्ध के पश्चात जब संपूर्ण विश्व वैचारिक आधार पर दो सैन्य गुटों (अमेरिकी नेतृत्व वाला नाटो और सोवियत संघ का वारसा पैक्ट) में विभाजित था, तब नेहरू ने भारत के लिए मध्य मार्ग का चयन किया।
इस शोध का मुख्य केंद्र बिंदु सिद्धांत और व्यवहार के बीच के द्वंद्व को समझना है। सैद्धांतिक स्तर पर, यह नीति ‘पंचशील’ के आदर्शों, संप्रभुता के सम्मान और उपनिवेशवाद के विरोध पर आधारित थी। वहीं, व्यावहारिक स्तर पर कोरियाई युद्ध, स्वेज नहर संकट और विशेष रूप से 1962 के भारत-चीन युद्ध जैसी घटनाओं ने इस नीति की प्रभावशीलता और सीमाओं का परीक्षण किया।
अनुसंधान यह निष्कर्ष निकालता है कि नेहरू युग में गुटनिरपेक्षता केवल एक तटस्थता की नीति नहीं थी, बल्कि यह भारत की रणनीतिक स्वायत्तता (Strategic Autonomy) को बनाए रखने का एक सक्रिय प्रयास था। यद्यपि 1962 के संघर्ष ने इसके कुछ आदर्शवादी पहलुओं पर प्रश्नचिह्न लगाए, किंतु इस नीति ने वैश्विक दक्षिण (Global South) के देशों को एक नई पहचान दी और शीत युद्ध के तनाव को कम करने में एक नैतिक बल के रूप में कार्य किया।

Phishing ambushes have expanded as a result of the rise of cryptocurrencies and AI-generated deepfakes are getting to be a genuine concern. Contributing in cryptocurrencies is a shape of peer-to-peer exchange and takes put without the association of physical wallets. This consider addresses cases where individuals may ended up casualties of phishing assaults due to the nature of cryptocurrency ventures. One rising danger is the utilize of AI- produced deepfake in phishing assaults, which can misdirect indeed the most cautious people and businesses. These modern attacks trap cryptocurrency clients into uncovering private data or sending reasonable deepfake substance, such as sound recordings, recordings or photographs. With a centre on the deplorable impacts of these assaults, this consider offers a careful examination of the strategies, and methods utilized by assailants. The consider highlights the require for a multi- faceted ,combining legitimate changes, law authorization endeavours, and open mindfulness campaigns to combat AI- produced deepfake phishing assaults in India. The discoveries will certainly contribute by guaranteeing the smooth security and astuteness of cryptocurrency exchanges in India.

This paper explores the critical role of global collaboration in education for promoting sustainable futures. As the world grapples with complex sustainability challenges, it is essential to empower the next generation with the knowledge, skills and values necessary to create a more sustainable future. The Indian proverb “Vasudaiva Kutumbakam” (the world is one family) echoes the goal of global collaboration, emphasizing the interconnectedness of humanity and the need for collective action. Through a review of existing literature and case studies, we examine the potential of global collaborations in education to foster sustainable development, global citizenship, and intercultural understanding. We argue that a cultural synthesis of oriental and occidental thoughts, philosophies and practices is essential for achieving a sustainable future. By progressing hand in hand, we can harness the strengths of both traditions to develop innovative solutions, promote cultural exchange and build global partnerships for sustainability. Our research highlights the importance of collaborative education in developing a holistic understanding of sustainability, one that integrates the best of Eastern and Western perspectives. We argue that global collaboration in education is crucial for preparing the next generation to address the sustainability challenges of the 21st century.

The early twentieth century in India witnessed the emergence of poetry that combined romantic sensibility with fervent nationalism. Among the significant women poets who articulated this synthesis were Kuntala Kumari Sabat in Odia literature and Sarojini Naidu in Indian English poetry. This paper undertakes a comparative review of romanticism and patriotism in their poetic works. It examines how both poets negotiated emotional lyricism, nature imagery, feminine subjectivity, and nationalist discourse within colonial India. While Sabat’s poetry reflects a culturally rooted Odia romantic nationalism shaped by regional identity, Naidu’s works exhibit an aesthetic romanticism enriched by musicality and pan-Indian patriotism articulated in English. The study highlights thematic convergences and stylistic divergences, situating both poets within broader Indian Romantic-nationalist traditions.

The present Russia- Ukraine War is causing tremendous loss of properties and lives of people and creating economic, social, environmental and human problems throughout the world. Russia’s full-scale invasion on Ukraine, its south-west neighbour started on February, 24, 2022, when Putin, the President of Russia announced ‘a special military operation for the demilitarization and denazification of Ukraine’ (1). He claimed that Russia had no plans to occupy Ukraine, but within a few minutes’ missiles and airstrikes hit across Ukraine, including its capital Kyiv. Then happened a large ground-invasion on Ukraine by Russia from multiple directions. Russian attacks were initially launched on a northern front from Belarus towards Kyiv, a southern front from Crimea and a south- eastern front from Donesk and Luhansk. On April 9, 2022 a renewed Russian attack happened on the Donbas region. Russian forces continued to bomb both military and civilian targets. Ukraine, in response, enacted martial law, ordered general mobilization, retaliated back with counter- offensives and severed diplomatic relations with Russia. This war has not ended even in March, 2026; it is still going on.

Healthcare organizations are undergoing a rapid digital transformation that is restructuring clinical practices, leadership processes, and organizational dynamics. The implementation of electronic health records (EHRs), telemedicine, artificial intelligence, and integrated information systems has led to operational streamlining, increased service access, and improved operational efficiency and better patient outcomes. Nevertheless, complex job demands created by these technological advances can impact employee well-being, innovative abilities, and the organization as a whole (Vial, 2019; Shanafelt et al., 2016). Technostress, defined as the stress experienced when using information and communication technologies, has become one of the crucial issues concerning the health service (Tarafdar et al., 2007).Technostress is multidimensional; literature has identified technology overload, complexity, uncertainty, and invasion to negatively affect job satisfaction, performance, and psychological wellbeing (Ragu-Nathan et al., 2008). Within the concept of the Job Demands–Resources (JD-R) model, technostress serves as a job demand that drains cognitive and emotional resources, potentially limiting innovative work behaviour (Bakker & Demerouti, 2007). Because innovation depends on creativity, taking initiative, and creating psychological safety, too much technological overload can inhibit the innovation process in healthcare settings. In this article, we investigate the dynamic relations between technostress, digital leadership, and organizational climate for innovation in the health sector. Referring to Organizational Climate Theory (Amabile et al., 1996), it shows how a supportive environment with experimentation, collaboration, and knowledge sharing leads to better innovation outcomes. Digital leadership is significantly important in relieving technostress by linking technological undertakings with objectives of the organization, giving adequate resources and training, and stimulating adaptive cultures (Cortellazzo et al., 2019). According to Social Exchange Theory, leadership support generates reciprocal levels of engagement and commitment (Cropanzano & Mitchell, 2005). Drawing on stress, leadership, and innovation literatures, this study develops a unified framework that explains how digital leadership and innovation climate can both buffer technostress (as seen in the case of healthcare digitization) and foster sustainable innovation during a moment of healthcare digital transformation. The paper contributes theoretically by extending JD-R to the digital healthcare setting and offers concrete implications for leadership development, climate cultivation, and the management of technostress so that resilient innovative health systems may emerge.

ਸਾਹਿਤ ਰੂਪਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਨਾਟਕ ਇੱਕ ਖਾਸ ਕਿਸਮ ਦਾ ਰੂਪ ਹੈ ਜਿਸ ਵਿਚ ਪਹਿਲਾਂ ਰੂਪ ਲਿਖਤ ਪਾਠ ਤੇ ਦੂਜਾ ਰੂਪ ਮੰਚ ਪਾਠ ਸ਼ਾਮਿਲ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ। ਲਿਖਤ ਪਾਠ ਤੋਂ ਭਾਵ ਹੈ ਲਿਖੇ ਜਾਣ ਤੋਂ ਅਤੇ ਮੰਚ ਪਾਠ ਤੋਂ ਭਾਵ ਨਾਟਕ ਦਾ ਖੇਡੇ ਜਾਣ ਤੋਂ ਹੈ। ਨਾਟਕ ਦੇ ਲਿਖਣ ਸੰਚਾਰਕ ਵਿਚ ਪਾਤਰ, ਘਟਨਾਵਾਂ, ਗੀਤ, ਵਾਰਤਾਲਾਪ ਤੇ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਆਦਿ ਦੀ ਲੋੜ ਹੁੰਦੀ ਹੈ, ਦੂਜੇ ਪਾਸੇ ਮੰਚ ਪਾਠ ਵਿਚ ਰੌਸ਼ਨੀ, ਸਟੇਜ, ਪਾਤਰ, ਸੈਟਿੰਗ, ਵੇਸ਼ਭੂਸ਼ਾ, ਵਾਰਤਾਲਾਪੀ ਉਚਾਰਨ-ਚੜ੍ਹਾਵ ਤੇ ਆਵਾਜ਼ ਆਦਿ ਦੀ ਲੋੜ ਹੁੰਦੀ ਹੈ ਜਿਸ ਨਾਲ ਲਿਖਤੀ ਨਾਟਕ ਸਹੀ ਢੰਗ ਨਾਲ ਰੰਗਮੰਚੀ ਅਨੁਕੂਲਤਾ ਦੇ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ਚੱਲ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ।

ਨਾਟਕ ਭਾਰਤੀ ਸਾਹਿਤ ਵਿਚ ਮਹੱਤਵਪੂਰਨ ਰੂਪਕਾਰ ਦੇ ਤੌਰ ਤੇ ਜਾਣਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ ਕਿਉਂਕਿ ਸ਼ਾਸਤਰੀ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ ‘ਨਾਟਯ ਸ਼ਾਸਤਰ’ ਵਿਚ ਭਰਤਮੁਨੀ ਨੇ ਨਾਟਕ ਬਾਰੇ ਲਿਖ ਕੇ ਕਈ ਸੰਭਾਵਨਾਵਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਸਥਾਪਿਤ ਕਰਨ ਦਾ ਉਪਰਾਲਾ ਕੀਤਾ ਹੈ। ਦੁਨੀਆਂ ਦੇ ਨਾਟ ਇਤਿਹਾਸ ਵਿਚ ਭਾਰਤੀ ਨਾਟਕ ਦੀ ਸੰਸਕ੍ਰਿਤ ਨਾਟ ਪਰੰਪਰਾ ਮਾਲਵਗਾ ਸਬਾਬ ਰੱਖਦੀ ਹੈ ਕਾਲੀਦਾਸ, ਸ਼ੂਦਰਕ ਤੇ ਭਾਸ ਆਦਿ ਨਾਟਕਕਾਰ ਤੇ ਭਰਤਮੁਨੀ ਦਾ ‘ਨਾਟਯ-ਸ਼ਾਸਤਰ’ ਸਦਾ ਮਹੱਤਵਪੂਰਨ ਵਿਸ਼ਾ ਹੈ। ਪੰਤਰ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਦੇ ਨਾਟਕ ਦਾ ਇਤਿਹਾਸ 19 ਵੀਂ ਸਦੀ ਦੇ ਅੰਤ ਤੇ ਵੀਹਵੀਂ ਦੇ ਮੁੱਢ ਵਿਚ ਹੀ ਬਣਨਾ ਸ਼ੁਰੂ ਹੋ ਸਕਿਆ।¹ ਜਿੱਥੇ ਆਧੁਨਿਕ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਨਾਟਕ ਦਾ ਆਰੰਭ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ।

সংক্ষিপ্তসার: বেদ ভারতীয় সমাজ, সংস্কৃতি ও সংস্কারের কেন্দ্রবিন্দু ও অখিল ধর্মের আধারের মুলভিত্তি। যার মাধ্যমে প্রতিধ্বনিত ‘বসুধৈব কুটুম্বকম্’ যা সমগ্র বিশ্বচরাচর জীবজগৎকে একটি পরিবার প্রদান করে। এই শাস্ত্রটি সমগ্রতার মধ্যে একাত্মতা, সৎ হতে সত্যের অনুসন্ধান ও দার্শনিক ভিত্তির কেন্দ্রবিন্দু। এই জগতের সর্বপ্রকার সুখ ও দূঃখের প্রতিচ্ছবি ব্যক্তির জীবনে চিত্র বা সংস্কার রেখে যায়। এই চিত্র বা সংস্কারই ব্যক্তির চরিত্র। তেমনি বৈদিক সংস্কারের ভিত্তিতে আর্যধর্ম প্রতিষ্ঠিত। ধর্মের গোড়ামি ও কুসংস্কারের স্পর্শ থেকে মুক্ত আর্যসংস্কৃতি। সামাজিক ও মানবিক কল্যানের সার্বভৌম জ্ঞানের অমৃত বাণী, বিশ্বের ঐকতানতার সুরের গীতি ‘যত্র বিশ্বং ভবত্যেকনীড়ম্’ ঋষিকণ্ঠে ধ্বনিত হয়েছে। সমগ্র বিশ্বজগৎ এই বিষয়ে অবগত যে অতি প্রাচীনকালের মিশরীয়, সুমেরীয় ও মায়াসংস্কৃতির অবক্ষয়ের অনর্থের কারণ অসাম্য ধর্মীয় অসহিষ্ণুতা। রোমান ধর্মের উত্থানে অন্যধর্মের পতন নিশ্চিত করে । কিন্তু আর্যধর্মে এই ধ্বংসের বিপরীত উপনিষদের ত্যাগের ভাবনার বিকশিত বাণী- ‘মা গৃধঃ কস্যস্বিদ্ ধনম্’ । অর্থাৎ কোনরূপ ধনের আশা না রেখে ত্যাগের দ্বারা ভোগ সাধন করো। বর্তমানে বহির্বিশ্বের দিকে দৃষ্টিনিক্ষেপ করলে দেখাযায় ধর্মে ধর্মে হানাহানি ও দখলমূলক প্রবৃত্তি। যার স্থান ভারতীয় ধর্মশাস্ত্রে বিরল। এই অর্থেই সর্বত্র শীর্ষস্থান অধিকার ও সর্বজন স্বীকৃত হয়েছে আর্যধর্ম। সুপ্রাচীন কালের বৈদিক সমাজের সংস্কার ও সংস্কৃতি কি পারবে বিশ্বভ্রাতৃত্বের ঐক্যবদ্ধরূপ ঐক্যমঞ্চের বার্তা প্রেরণ করতে? বৈদিক ঋষির মুখনিসৃত সংজ্ঞানসূক্ত, পৃথিবীসূক্ত এগুলির মন্ত্ররাশি ঐকতানতার সুরে গীত একসাথে চলা একসাথে বলার ইশারা কি বিশ্বের সংযোগ সাধন ঘটাতে সক্ষম? সেই ঐকতানতার উদ্দেশ্য চরিতার্থে বিশ্বের দরবারে বৈদিক সংস্কৃতি ও ভারতীয় ঋষির কণ্ঠধ্বনি- ‘কেবলাঘো ভবতি কেবলাদি’ এই সহমর্মিতা আত্মতৃপ্তির ঊর্ধে মানবকল্যাণের বার্তা প্রেরণে সক্ষম। যা বিশ্বের সকল ধর্মাবলম্বির কাছে শ্রেয় অর্থে গৃহিত হয়েছে। এই মর্মে শাস্ত্রের গৌরবে পুনরায় ভারতবর্ষ বিশ্বগুরুর সর্বচ্চ আসনে আসিন হয়ে রবে।

Efficient thermal management is a critical requirement in modern electronic systems due to continuous miniaturization and increased power density. Pin-fin heat sinks have emerged as an effective cooling solution because of their high surface area, enhanced mixing characteristics, and suitability for multidirectional airflow. This review paper presents a comprehensive analysis of heat transfer characteristics of pin-fin heat sinks operating under natural and forced convection conditions. The study examines geometrical configurations, fin materials, fin spacing, fin height, arrangement patterns (inline and staggered), and airflow parameters influencing thermal performance. Under natural convection, buoyancy-driven flow significantly affects thermal resistance and temperature distribution, while forced convection improves heat dissipation through enhanced turbulence and higher heat transfer coefficients. Experimental, numerical, and analytical investigations reported in the literature are critically reviewed to compare thermal resistance, Nusselt number variation, pressure drop, and overall efficiency. The influence of Reynolds number, Prandtl number, and fin geometry on heat transfer enhancement is also discussed. Furthermore, advancements such as perforated fins, micro pin-fins, and optimized geometries using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) are evaluated. The review identifies research gaps related to hybrid cooling techniques, optimization under low airflow conditions, and material innovation. The findings provide a consolidated understanding of performance parameters and design considerations for improved thermal management in electronic cooling applications. This review aims to serve as a reference framework for researchers and engineers working on compact and high-performance heat sink design.

Background: Hypertension is a major public health challenge among the elderly population in India. The role of serum electrolyte imbalances, particularly sodium and potassium, remains under-explored in the geriatric population of North Bihar [1, 2]. Objectives: To assess serum sodium and potassium levels in the elderly population of Darbhanga, Bihar, and to evaluate their association with hypertension [3]. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 elderly individuals (≥60 years) residing in various locations of Darbhanga city. Blood pressure was measured using standard protocols, and fasting serum sodium and potassium levels were estimated [4, 5]. Results: Out of 150 participants, 88 (58.7%) were hypertensive. The mean serum potassium level was significantly lower in the hypertensive group (3.72 ± 0.46 mEq/L) compared to the normotensive group (4.28 ± 0.40 mEq/L) (p<0.001). Serum sodium levels showed no significant difference. Hypokalemia was observed in 24 (27.3%) hypertensive compared to only 6 (9.7%) normotensives (p<0.01). Conclusion: A significant inverse association exists between serum potassium levels and hypertension in the elderly population of Darbhanga [11, 13].

Stress has become a part of everyday life. Teachers are more prone to stress because dealing with students and caring for their better performance throughout the day is itself a stressful situation. The increasingly demanding nature of their jobs has also increased pressure levels dramatically. Stress is not an illness, but it is a condition that can give rise to very illness. A study was conducted to compare the Government and Private Secondary School teachers of different academic streams viz. languages Mathematics and Science and Social Science of Chandigarh with respect to Occupational stress. 600 secondary school teachers from Chandigarh, India have been selected as a sample and data was collected through descriptive survey method by using Occupational Stress Index developed by AK Srivastava and AP Singh (1992). Results revealed that Government school teachers exhibited more occupational stress than Private school teachers. Teachers belonging to various academic streams viz. Language, Mathematics and Science and Social Science exhibited comparable perceptions related to role ambiguity, powerlessness, intrinsic impoverishment and unprofitability.

Background: Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) criteria have emerged as critical determinants of corporate sustainability and long-term financial performance, particularly within the technology-intensive Indian information technology (IT) sector. Objectives: This study empirically investigates the relationship between ESG performance dimensions and corporate sustainability outcomes among Nifty IT-listed companies over the period 2019-2024. Methodology: Employing a balanced panel dataset of 30 Indian IT companies across 180 firm-year observations, the study applies fixed-effects panel regression, random-effects models, and the Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) to address endogeneity concerns. Findings: Results indicate a statistically significant positive relationship between composite ESG scores and all financial performance metrics (p < 0.01). The governance pillar exhibits the strongest explanatory power (beta = 0.412), followed by environmental (beta = 0.318) and social pillars (beta = 0.267). Firm size and R&D intensity moderate the ESG-performance nexus. Conclusion: Proactive ESG adoption creates sustainable competitive advantage for Indian IT companies, with significant implications for regulators, institutional investors, and corporate boards.

Green accounting in banking industry refers to the process of introducing the environment costs, environmental risks, and information related to sustainability into financial and managerial accounting in a systematic manner. It allows banks to make their activities, lending activities and strategic plans consistent with environmental responsibility and long term sustainability objectives. This study is inspired by the growing pressure on banks to strike the right balance between the financial performance and the environmental accountability within a rapidly changing regulatory and sustainability environment. The need to empirically know the role of green accounting in terms of sustainable banking practices and long-term organizational effectiveness is increasing. The purpose of conducting this research is to evaluate the effect of green accounting in Banking Sector. The test used in the current study in One Sample t-test using R Studios. The analysis found that Reduces operational costs, improves corporate reputation, ensures regulatory compliance, Increases investor confidence, enhances risk management, promotes green loans and financing, raises employee awareness, Lowers carbon footprint, supports better decision-making, Boosts customer loyalty, aligns with sustainability goals, increases long-term profitability, and Encourages eco-friendly innovation are significant Effect of green accounting in Banking sector.

Green accounting practices entail recognition, quantification and reporting of environmental costs and impact in addition to financial data to assist in making sustainable decisions in organizations. The aim of these practices is to incorporate environmental considerations in the normal accounting systems instead of looking at them as distinct disclosures. The work is prompted by increasing significance of environmental responsibility and realistic challenges involved in utilizing green accounting by organizations. These challenges need to be known in order to provide effective adoption and significant incorporation of green accounting in the mainstream accounting practices. The purpose of conducting this study is to explore the challenges faced in Green Accounting. The technique used in this study is Text mining using the qualitative tool NVIVO 12. The findings of the study indicated The major challenges include the absence of clear rules, difficulty in measuring environmental costs, lack of reliable data, and high implementation costs. These issues indicate that green accounting suffers primarily from structural and methodological weaknesses, where unclear regulatory frameworks and data constraints make accurate measurement and reporting difficult, thereby discouraging organizations from adopting such practices. The moderate challenges relate more to organizational and human factors, such as lack of knowledge, non-supportive management, difficulty in integrating green accounting into existing accounting systems, and reliance on personal judgement in reporting. These suggest that even when frameworks exist, internal resistance, skill gaps, and system limitations hinder effective implementation. The minor challenges, including focus on short-term profit, fear of sharing information, false green claims, and changing government rules, reflect contextual and behavioural concerns that, while present, exert relatively less influence compared to structural and organizational barriers.

Electoral politics is the cornerstone of democratic governance ensuring that citizens can freely choose their representatives. However in recent years, the integrity and fairness of electoral processes have faced significant challenges. Among the most prominent issues are the increasing influence of money power, the use of muscle power, the spread of misinformation and the difficulties associated with enforcing the Model Code of Conduct. These factors collectively threaten the transparency, credibility and inclusiveness of democratic elections. Money power has emerged as a major concern in electoral politics, as excessive campaign spending, vote-buying and the use of unaccounted funds create an uneven playing field among candidates. This often undermines the principle of equal political competition and limits opportunities for candidates with fewer financial resources. Similarly, muscle power manifested through intimidation, coercion, and sometimes violence can influence voter behavior and suppress free political participation, particularly in vulnerable regions. Another growing challenge is the rapid spread of misinformation and disinformation through digital platforms and social media. False narratives, manipulated content and targeted propaganda can mislead voters, polarize communities and distort public debate during election periods. These developments complicate the task of maintaining informed and rational electoral choices among the electorate. Furthermore, while the Model Code of Conduct plays a vital role in regulating political behavior during elections, its effective implementation remains a challenge. Issues such as delayed enforcement, loopholes and limited punitive measures often reduce its deterrent effect. This study examines these emerging challenges and evaluates their impact on democratic electoral processes. It also highlights the need for stronger regulatory mechanisms, enhanced transparency in campaign financing, digital literacy among voters and more effective enforcement of electoral norms to safeguard the integrity of democratic elections.

Judith Wright's poetry does something most nature writing never quite manages: it makes the land morally demanding. This paper argues that across poems like "South of My Days, ""Bora Ring,"" Lyrebird," and "Dust," Wright turns the Australian landscape into ethical ground — not a backdrop or a metaphor, but the source of obligations that human beings are answerable to. Reading her through Val Plumwood's ecological animism, Robin Wall  Kimmerer's grammar of animacy, and postcolonial ecology, the paper shows
that Wright was practising a form of ecocriticism decades before anyone named the field.

রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর (১৮৬১–১৯৪১) শুধু একজন কবি বা সাহিত্যস্রষ্টা হিসেবে নন, একজন দার্শনিক শিক্ষাচিন্তক হিসেবেও তিনি ভারতীয় বৌদ্ধিক ইতিহাসে এক বিশেষ স্থান দখল করে আছেন। ঔপনিবেশিক শিক্ষার যান্ত্রিক ও নিষ্প্রাণ কাঠামোর প্রতিক্রিয়ায় তিনি এমন একটি শিক্ষাদর্শন নির্মাণ করেছিলেন, যেখানে শিশু প্রকৃতির সংস্পর্শে, আনন্দের ভেতর দিয়ে এবং সৃজনশীল পথ ধরে জ্ঞানের দিকে এগিয়ে যাবে। এই প্রবন্ধে তাঁর প্রাথমিক শিক্ষাভাবনার মৌলিক উপাদানগুলো — শিশুর স্বাধীনতা, প্রকৃতি-কেন্দ্রিক শিক্ষা, মাতৃভাষার প্রাধান্য, শিক্ষার আনন্দময়তা এবং ব্রহ্মচর্যাশ্রমের আদর্শ — বিশ্লেষণ করা হয়েছে। পাশাপাশি মারিয়া মন্তেসরির শিক্ষাদর্শনের সঙ্গে তুলনামূলক আলোচনা, শান্তিনিকেতনের ঐতিহাসিক পরীক্ষা-নিরীক্ষা এবং সমকালীন শিক্ষাবিজ্ঞানের সঙ্গে তাঁর চিন্তার সামঞ্জস্যও এই গবেষণায় উপস্থাপিত হয়েছে।

This article examines the political thought and praxis of Manyavar Kanshi Ramji as a transformative intervention in the theory and practice of democratic representation in postcolonial India. Moving beyond procedural understandings of electoral democracy, Manyavar Kanshi Ram reconceptualized representation as a project of structural power transfer to the Bahujan the socially marginalized majority comprising Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Other Backward Classes, and minorities. Drawing intellectual inspiration from Babasaheb B. R. Ambedkar yet departing strategically from his approach, Manyavar Kanshi Ramji shifted the focus
from constitutional safeguards within elite-dominated frameworks to the consolidation of an autonomous political majority capable of capturing state power. Through the formation of BAMCEF as an ideological and organizational training ground, and later the establishment of the Bahujan Samaj Party in 1984, he institutionalized a new model of subaltern political mobilization rooted in demographic arithmetic, cadre-based discipline, and long-term consciousness building. The article argues that Manyavar Kanshi
Ram’s strategy of “social engineering,” which expanded the political base beyond Dalits to a broader Bahujan coalition, represented not opportunism but a pragmatic democratic method aimed at dismantling entrenched caste hierarchies through electoral means. By foregrounding numerical majority as a moral and political claim, he challenged tokenistic inclusion and critiqued cooptation within mainstream parties, insisting instead on autonomous representation as the basis of substantive equality. His politics redefined state
power as the “master key” for social transformation, thereby linking representation to governance, resource distribution, and symbolic dignity. While debates persist regarding majoritarian logic and ideological compromises, Manyavar Kanshi Ram’s intervention fundamentally altered the grammar of Indian democracy by centering caste-based exclusion within the discourse of popular sovereignty. The article concludes that his democratic assertion of the Bahujan constituted a radical yet constitutional reimagining of
representation one that sought not merely participation in the political system but its social reconstitution.

Rural environmental degradation poses a major dilemma to the sustainable development in agrarian economies like India where indigenous activities are often in opposition to modern ecological demands. This paper proposes a comprehensive model, Panch Parivartan (Five Transformations) which is aimed at triggering sustainable rural environmental practices. Based on the native knowledge systems and the existing sustainability science, the framework contains five interconnected pillars: (1) Prakriti Parivartan (Nature Transformation), which supports agroecological agriculture; (2) Jal Parivartan (Water Transformation), which supports watershed management; (3) Mitti Parivartan (Soil Transformation), which supports regenerative soil health; (4) Urja Parivartan (Energy Transformation), which supports the integration of renewable sources of energy; and (5) Samuday Parivartan(Community Transformation). The study used the mixed-methodology and conducted pilot tests in three Uttar Pradesh villages by combining quantitative indicators (e.g., soil organic carbon content, rates of water retention, etc.) with qualitative ones (e.g., surveys of farmers, focus groups). Findings show that crop productivity is up by 28 per cent, water use is down by 35 per cent and the levels of chemical usage are down by 42 per cent within an 18-month framework with increased community cohesion. The efficacy of the framework in improving biodiversity and climate variability resilience is proved by statistical analysis (ANOVA, 0.01). The concept of panch
parivartan fills policy-practice divides by integrating scalability with the help of digital extension services and micro-finance connections. It suggests a replicable design to rural instances worldwide, and thus, calls upon the policy makers to focus on the transformative, bottom-up interventions in the achievement of UN Sustainable Development Goals 2, 13, and 15.

Academic stress has become a pervasive concern among higher secondary students due to increasing academic demands, competitive
examination systems, and performance-oriented evaluation practices. Prolonged academic stress during late adolescence has been shown to adversely affect students’ emotional well-being, motivation, and psychological adjustment. However, individual differences in
psychological resilience may influence how students respond to academic pressure. The present study examines the moderating role of psychological hardiness in the relationship between academic stress and emotional well-being among higher secondary students. A
quantitative research approach employing a correlational survey design was adopted. Data were collected from 300 Class XI students
studying in U.P. Board schools in Prayagraj city. After screening the data for completeness and consistency, 291 valid responses were
retained for final analysis. Standardised psychological instruments were administered to measure academic stress, psychological
hardiness, and emotional well-being. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s productmoment correlation, and regression-based moderation analysis. The findings revealed a significant negative relationship between academic stress and emotional well-being, indicating that higher levels of academic stress are associated with poorer emotional wellbeing
among students. Psychological hardiness was found to be positively related to emotional well-being and negatively related to
academic stress.

Salinity stress disrupts cellular redox homeostasis, leading to an imbalance in the production and scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This imbalance primarily arises from disturbances in the electron transport chains during photoinhibition and from reduced cellular water potential. Under saline conditions, ROS levels increase rapidly. Excessive accumulation of ROS can become cytotoxic, causing damage to cellular components and potentially leading to cell death if not effectively regulated. In the present investigation, a pot culture experiment was carried out to examine the effects of sodium chloride (NaCl) stress and the potential ameliorative role of the plant growth regulators brassinolide and α-tocopherol in Vigna radiata L. The growth regulators were administered through foliar spraying, with brassinolide applied at a concentration of 4 mg L⁻¹ and α-tocopherol at 200 mg L⁻¹, whereas salinity stress was imposed by soil drenching with 80 mM NaCl solution. The experimental plants were arranged into six treatment
groups: control, NaCl alone, NaCl combined with brassinolide, NaCl combined with α-tocopherol, brassinolide alone, and α-tocopherol
alone. Plant samples were collected randomly on the 25th, 35th, and 45th days after sowing for the assessment of various parameters. The results indicated that foliar supplementation with α-tocopherol and brassinolide significantly alleviated the adverse effects of salinity stress in Vigna radiata. This mitigation was evidenced by a reduction in oxidative stress indicators, particularly malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), suggesting an improved oxidative balance and enhanced stress tolerance in treated plants.

The rapid diffusion of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in health communication has generated optimism about reducing long-standing disparities in access to health information, particularly in rural communities. Yet, communication theory cautions that new information technologies may differentially benefit social groups, thereby widening inequalities. Drawing on the Knowledge Gap Hypothesis, this paper examines how AI-driven health communication may both mitigate and exacerbate health knowledge disparities in rural contexts. Through a synthesis of literature in communication studies, public health, and digital health, the paper develops an abstract framework outlining the conditions under which AI functions as a gap-narrowing versus gap-widening force. The analysis highlights the roles of socio-economic status, digital literacy, infrastructural access, and cultural mediation in shaping outcomes. The paper concludes by articulating theoretical contributions to the Knowledge Gap Hypothesis in the AI era and offering implications for communication research and rural health practice.

In the 19th century, when caste distinctions of high and low, and concepts of purity and untouchability, reached their extremes, a few sages appeared, including Vivekananda and Ramakrishna, as well as Sri Sarada Devi. Being an almost uneducated woman from a rural village, her expression of motherhood towards the so-called lower castes is known as one of the rarest of rare instances. Whether they are Dalits, lower castes, slaves, or anyone else, everyone was identified as a child of the mother in her life. Even as an ordinary woman, her extraordinary attitude made people from all walks of life think deeply. From that era to today, and even into the future, this universal motherhood of Srima Sarada Devi shows a unique path to society. A person's true essence transcends caste, class, and religion on this path. This path invites everyone to embrace it, teaching the human heart to broaden and fill with service and compassion.

This research paper explores the autobiographical perspectives in the novel of Hilary Mantel. Hilary Mantel considered the most acclaimed British author of contemporary fiction. She remains unnoticed after the publication of her trilogy on Thomas Cromwell's life. The present article is an attempt to show autobiographical elements in her novels that Mantels focused on her family life, alienation, feminism, religion, power, politics and childhood. Hilary Mantel was suffering from Endometriosis, which causes her many pain and infertility. Her life was fairly lonely and austere. Though Mantel's novels historical in content but in some context it contains autobiographical elements and intimate details of her life especially Every Day is a Mother’s Day (1985), Vacant Possession (1986), Eight Months on Gazzah Streets (1988), A change in climate (1994), An experiment in love (1995), a collection of short-stories Learning to Talk (2003), and a memoir Giving up the Ghost (2003).She deals with loss of dream, faith, children, childhood, religion, migration and roots.

The fast progress of artificial intelligence has led to the creation of complex technologies that can make very realistic fake media, known as deepfakes. Deepfakes use computer programs to create fake audio, video or images that look real but are actually made by machines. In today’s world these technologies have had a big impact on how we communicate what we see on social media, entertainment and politics. While fake media can be useful in areas like movie making, education and digital art using them in the way raises serious concerns about what is right and wrong and about the law. Deepfakes are more and more being linked to people’s information being shared without permission, false information, online lies, internet scams and other types of internet crime. When fake content is shared it can hurt people’s reputation make it hard for people to trust each other and even threaten democracy. Because of these concerns laws around the world are trying to control the use of these technologies but the laws we have
now are often not good enough. This study is looking at how deepfakes and fake media' being developed and what legal problems are coming up because of their wrong use online. The study is using an approach by looking at laws, court decisions and what experts have written. The study found that our current internet laws do not do enough to protect people from the harm caused by deepfakes and it shows that we really need laws, better ways to detect fake content and stronger rules, for the internet to deal with the problems caused by fake media. The research is focusing on deepfakes and synthetic media. It wants to understand the legal challenges that come with them. Deepfakes are a problem and we need to find a way to stop them from causing harm. We need to look at deepfakes and figure out how to make laws that will protect people from them. Deepfakes and synthetic media are not going away so we need to be prepared to deal with them¹.

This qualitative exploration has determined to look at the challenges tackled by language minorities in India usually in learning second and third languages. India is a land with over 22 commandingly recognized languages and numerous minority languages. In Indian multilingual scenario the language minority people face numbers of a number of social and psychological obstacles when they go to learn second language or third language besides their mother tongue in the formal institution. Despite efforts to support multilingualism, language barriers prolong to pose major obstacles for minority communities in India. The barriers create some hindrances in the system of formal education system run by the government also. This exploratory study inspects those issues faced by minority communities in India in learning second and third languages. The study identifies various key challenges, including inadequate language instruction, insufficient exposure to the target language, and cultural and linguistic differences.The findings also draw attention to the significance of developing language learning equipments and programs that furnish to the precise needs of minority communities. This study contributes to the available literature on language learning and minority communities, stressed on
the requirement for inclusive language policies and practices that persuade linguistic multiplicity and social insertion. The findings have intimation for language instructors, policymakers, and communal leaders working to prop up language learning and social mobility among minority communities in India.

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has become a very significant source of economic growth in the emerging economies, especially in those sectors that need capital investment, technological advancement and better infrastructure. Agriculture is also an important sector in India that has played a crucial role in creating jobs, sustaining the livelihood of the rural population, and food security. The sector has continued to have structural challenges, which include low productivity, fragmented landholdings, poor irrigation systems, and poor adoption of modern technologies, regardless of the importance. In this regard, FDI may have a big role in empowering the agricultural sector by enabling the inflow of capital and technology transfer and the modernisation of supply chains. The current paper investigates the contribution of Foreign Direct Investment in the

growth of agriculture in India. The study is more specific, examining the trend and pattern of FDI inflows in the agricultural sector and considers the effect of FDI on the agricultural productivity and export performance. The authors use secondary time-series data, that is, the data collected during the years 2010 to 2025, which are the reliable sources such as the Reserve Bank of India, Department of Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, and the World Bank. The relationship among the variables is investigated by using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression analysis. The empirical findings reveal that a positive and statistically significant effect of Foreign Direct Investment on agricultural export and agricultural productivity of India is positive. The results indicate that FDI is helpful in the modernisation of agriculture by technological development, development of better infrastructures and development of agricultural value chain that creates the competitiveness of the agricultural products in terms of productivity and exportation.

Transforming India's healthcare sector into a digital one is pivotal for achieving the nation's vision of "Viksit Bharat" by 2047. This
transformation leverages digital technologies to enhance accessibility, affordability and efficient delivery of healthcare services. Digital
transformation is revolutionizing India's healthcare sector, offering significant opportunities to improve service delivery, accessibility,
and efficiency. The government's initiatives, such as the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM), aim to implement an integrated
digital infrastructure that connects practitioners and patients, facilitating real-time access to health records and promoting universal
health coverage. However, achieving the vision of "Viksit Bharat" by 2047 necessitates addressing challenges including technological
infrastructure limitations, data security concerns, and resistance to change among stakeholders. Strategic pathways, including policy
reforms, investment in digital infrastructure, and capacity building among healthcare professionals, are essential to overcome these
challenges and ensure sustainable development in the healthcare sector. This paper aims to explore opportunities, challenges, and
pathways to achieve the goal of Viksit Bharat by 2047.

Digital technology has also been incorporated in learning institutions, and it has greatly helped in enhancing the effective teaching and learning processes and access to learning materials. The paper study on the present status and progress of the computer and internet connected schools in the district level in Manipur in the period 2020-21 to 2024-25 using secondary data acquire from Unified District Information System for Education Plus (UDISE+). The research employed a descriptive research design to study the distribution of digital amenity in the schools of different districts and to investigate the variation in digital amenity between the valley and hill districts in the region. The findings display a progressive growth in the rates of availability of digital access in educational establishments, with the steady growth observed in the number of schools that have reported to have access to computers and internet connectivity over the five- year period. Imphal West, Imphal East, Bishnupur and Thoubal districts show quite high figures of schools that have digital facilities by contrast of Kamjong, Pherzawl, Tengnoupal and Tamenglong. The results reveal that there is a digital divide in a region, as valley areas tend to have higher digital infrastructure than the hill districts. The study suggests that the implementation of specific policy measures and infrastructural upgrades to enhance the use of digital connections in schools, especially in hill districts, to achieve quality access to digital learning.

Different cultures have developed in different regions according to their geographical environments. Among them, the western region of the state of Odisha known as Western Odisha carries a unique and beautiful cultural identity. From geographical, historical, and cultural perspectives, this region is quite distinct from other parts of Odisha. The lifestyle, folk arts, folk theatre, folk literature, folk songs and dances, and folk instruments of this region clearly reflect its uniqueness. Around 70% of the people living here belong to tribal communities. Their traditional processions, social customs, festivals, worship of deities, music, dance, and instruments have greatly influenced and strengthened the cultural heritage of Odisha. All of them are bound together by a single cultural thread, which is known as Sambalpuri culture. In this region, the Sambalpuri language is widely used as the main medium of communication. It is the commonly spoken folk language of Western Odisha and is very melodious. The folk songs and music of this region are popular and appreciated not only across the state but also throughout the country and abroad. They create enthusiasm and excitement in the hearts of the audience and listeners.

The integration of AI technology in classroom teaching has become an essential component of contemporary education, yet teachers’ perceptions and readiness remain critical determinants of successful adoption. As AI-driven tools increasingly influence the central role played by educators in determining how effectively these technologies are implemented. Hence, understanding teachers’ attitude towards AI is crucial in ensuring that technological innovation aligns with pedagogical goals and enhances overall quality of classroom learning experiences. The objective of this study is to evaluate factors influencing adoption of AI in the undergraduate classroom and to analyze the Perception and Attitude of teachers towards usage of AI in the physical classroom. The test used in the current study is One Sample t-test using R Studios. Data from this study came from a survey conducted upon 125 undergraduate teachers. The analysis revealed that teachers generally hold a positive perception and attitude toward the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in physical classrooms. The results indicate that the adoption of AI significantly contributes to improving student engagement, facilitating personalized learning, providing instant feedback, saving teachers’ time, enabling smart content creation, supporting slow learners, enhancing interactive visual learning, allowing real-time lesson adaptation, increasing teaching efficiency, strengthening classroom interaction, improving classroom management, and developing interactive question banks. The statistical results further confirm that these dimensions are significant factors influencing teachers’ perception and attitude toward the usage of AI in physical classroom teaching.

Bhabendranath Saikia occupies a prestigious place in the history of Assamese Literature. The prolific writer’s large body work includes different literary genres like short-stories, novels, plays, children-literature, lyrics, films etc. His all works get great appreciation from the readers. ‘Antareep’, the novel of Bhabendranath Saikia, was first serialized in two magazines, ‘Ramdhenu’ and ‘Prantik’ respectively from 1979 to 1984. It came out as a form of book in 1986 from the publication house ‘Jyoti Prakashan’. The novel tells a story of an aristocratic Assamese family during the last two decades of British colonization of India. Though the general atmosphere of the time might have been politically changed, the novelist only provides glimpses of it in this family drama. The word ‘Antareep’ means “a place of solitude” or “an isolated island”. The title of the novel itself carries deep significance, symbolizing human loneliness and emotional distance. The novel not merely a tale of rebellious woman, it explores so many facts of human psyche, the complex ideas of love, loyalty and revenge; it question our ideas of justice and right or wrong.

In the international context, Vaiṣṇava devotion has emerged as a significant religious and cultural movement. In particular, the Gauḍīya Vaiṣṇava tradition and ISKCON (International Society for Krishna Consciousness) have played a vital role in spreading this devotional path across the globe. The primary source of the global expansion of Vaiṣṇava devotion lies in the message of divine love (prema-bhakti) propagated by Śrī Chaitanya Mahaprabhu. Through the practice of nāma-saṅkīrtana (the congregational chanting of the holy names), he made devotion to God simple and accessible to all. His philosophical doctrine of Achintya Bhedābheda (inconceivable simultaneous oneness and difference) stands as a unique contribution to Vaiṣṇava philosophy worldwide. In the 20th century, A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada introduced this tradition to the Western world. With the establishment of ISKCON in New York in 1966, Krishna devotion spread widely across Europe, America, Russia, Africa, and various parts of Asia. The development of Vaiṣṇava devotion can be observed in many countries. In the United States and Europe, ISKCON temples, Ratha Yatra festivals, Bhagavata recitations, and kirtan have made devotion increasingly popular. Major centers have been established in cities such as New York, London, and Berlin. Despite challenging political conditions, Krishna devotion has also spread significantly in Russia, where many devotees actively participate in harināma-saṅkīrtana. In Bangladesh and Nepal, Vaiṣṇava traditions have long been practiced, with devotion expressed through temples, nāma-yajña, and various festivals. The global appeal of Vaiṣṇava devotion lies in several key aspects: its simple spiritual practices, such as chanting and kirtan; its universal acceptance beyond distinctions of caste, creed, or religion; its cultural influence through music, dance, and cuisine (prasāda); and its ability to provide spiritual peace, offering relief from the stresses of modern life. Today, Vaiṣṇava devotion is not merely a religion but has evolved into a way of life. Practices such as yoga, meditation, vegetarianism, and Krishna consciousness are gaining widespread popularity across the world.

Table of Contents provides Sl. No, Article Title, Author(s), CrossRef d.o.i. and Pages

COVER PAGES (FRONT & BACK PAGES)

Dr. Gheorghița Dincă, Professor, Department of Finance, Accounting and Economic Theory, Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania.

Many postcolonial societies are experiencing a deep and persistent crisis in how truth is understood, evaluated, and institutionalized. Public discourse increasingly reflects rigid ideological commitments, selective narrative construction, and a gradual erosion of indigenous knowledge traditions. These developments do not merely distort individual debates; they reshape the underlying structures through which societies interpret reality. This paper introduces the Integrated Basket of Perspectives (IBP) Framework as a civilizational model for truth-seeking that moves beyond the limitations of ideological thinking. Instead of privileging a single dominant lens, the IBP Framework proposes that truth emerges through the disciplined coexistence and interaction of multiple perspectives, each illuminating different dimensions of reality. Through a comparative analysis of Rammohan Roy, Vivekananda, Gandhi, and Nehru, the paper demonstrates how colonial modernity contributed to a progressive narrowing of India’s intellectual horizons. This process, conceptualized as Macaulay Syndrome, describes the internalization of colonial categories as default standards of judgment, often at the expense of civilizational continuity. The paper then applies the IBP Framework to historiography and contemporary policy, showing how plural evaluation can resist ideological capture while maintaining analytical rigor. The central argument is that civilizations weaken not only through political or economic loss, but through contraction in their modes of knowing. Societies decline when a single interpretive lens monopolizes truth. They endure when plurality is consciously structured and sustained.

Research adds to the existing knowledge and understanding of any subject. On the one hand, just as it enriches and even verifies one’s ideas and opinions, on the other hand it may question or even reshape them. Therefore research is exclusively about seeking new information, which is at once realizable only after reviewing developments already made on the subject concerned. In other words, a work of research if undertaken, ideally, will not only sanction ideas and perspectives but will also help to bring about novel techniques for application on even newer subjects for understanding.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly emerging as a transformative force in addressing the global challenges of climate change and sustainable development. This paper examines the potential of AI as a catalyst for climate control through its applications in environmental monitoring, predictive modeling, resource optimization, and decision-making processes. By leveraging large-scale data analytics and machine learning techniques, AI enables more accurate climate forecasting, enhances energy efficiency, supports the integration of renewable energy systems, and improves disaster management and resilience strategies. The study further explores how AI contributes to achieving sustainable development by optimizing agricultural practices, reducing waste, promoting smart urban planning, and facilitating circular economy models. At the same time, it critically assesses the limitations and risks associated with AI deployment, including high energy consumption, data privacy concerns, algorithmic bias, and unequal access to technology across regions Artificial Intelligence will help to change the whole world of climate control and sustainable development by optimizing energy systems, enhancing climate modelling, improving resource management, and enabling smarter urban infrastructure. This will be a great help in mitigating climate change impacts through data-driven efficiency and innovation. AI analyses weather patterns and demand to make the best use of renewable energy supply. It ensuring grid stability and lowering the use of fossil fuels. It handles enormous amounts of data to predicting extreme weather, locating ice melt, and comprehending climate shifts. In agriculture, AI is used for the best irrigation/fertilization and in cities care the smart grids and traffic management. AI invents more efficient Carbon Capture & Storage systems and helps in the rapid discovery of new materials for batteries and solar cells. It energizes buildings, industries, and transport through energy-saving measures. Satellites fuelled by AI can constantly keep an eye on deforestation and the general health of the ecosystem. Therefore, there are positive forecasting of artificial intelligence in climate control and sustainable development.

Influencer marketing has emerged as a dominant tool in digital marketing, capable of shaping consumer perceptions and rebuilding trust in brands facing reputational challenges. Drawing upon theories such as Social Exchange Theory, Source Credibility Theory, and Trust Transfer Theory, this paper provides conceptual insights into how influencer marketing fosters consumer trust. The study highlights the mechanisms by which influencers act as intermediaries between brands and audiences, emphasizing authenticity, transparency, and relational engagement. A conceptual framework is developed to explain the trust-rebuilding process, followed by the identification of effective marketing techniques that leverage influencer credibility to restore consumer confidence.

A Study on Aggressiveness and its Impact on Academic Attitude among Higher Secondary Students of Burdwan and South 24 Parganas
Districts.Adolescence is a critical transitional phase marked by significant psychological and physiological changes. Among higher secondary students, aggressive behavior often emerges as a manifestation of stress, socio-economic factors, or environmental pressures. This study investigates the prevalence of aggressiveness and its subsequent influence on the academic attitudes of students in two distinct districts of West Bengal: Burdwan and South 24 Parganas.Aggressiveness is a significant behavioral characteristic during adolescence, which can influence students' learning processes and overall academic development. The study focuses on identifying the level of aggressiveness among students and analyzing how it affects their attitude towards academics.