The National Education Policy 2020 marks the most significant reform in the Indian education system since 1986, envisioning a holistic,
multidisciplinary, inclusive, flexible, and globally competitive higher education ecosystem. While the policy presents transformative aspirations, successful implementation depends largely on the preparedness of higher education institutions (HEIs). This paper develops a conceptual framework integrating Institutional Readiness, Academic Innovation, and Sustainable Quality Enhancement (IASQ Framework) to explain how higher education institutions can effectively implement NEP 2020. Unlike studies that primarily describe policy provisions, this article proposes an original institutional model demonstrating the dynamic relationship between
leadership, governance, faculty development, curriculum innovation, technology integration, student-centred learning, quality assurance, research culture, community engagement, and continuous improvement. The framework emphasizes that institutional transformation is not merely structural but cultural, requiring strategic leadership, collaborative governance, evidence-based planning, digital transformation, and sustainable quality mechanisms. The article further discusses implementation challenges, policy implications, and strategic recommendations for universities and affiliated colleges. The proposed framework contributes to educational policy discourse by providing a comprehensive roadmap for assessing institutional readiness while promoting innovation and continuous quality enhancement in higher education.

-संसार का कोई भी पुरुष मात्र पुरुष भर नहीं होता, न ही स्त्री मात्र स्त्री भर । दोनों ही स्त्री और पुरुष ऊर्जा का सम्मिलित रूप है । एक पुरुष जब सिर्फ अपनी पुरुष ऊर्जा को ही आधार मानकर उसको ऊपर उठाकर जीवन‌ जीना शुरू कर देता है तो दुनिया में पुरुष उर्जा और अधिक बढ़ जाती है । नतीजन, दुनिया में युद्ध, तनाव, संघर्ष, जैसी ऊर्जा का बढ़ जाना, परिस्थिति उत्पन्न हो जाना । पुरुष ऊर्जा यानी ( मैस्क्युलिन इनर्जी ) संकेत ( indicate ) करती है चेतना को, 3D वर्ड को यानी भौतिक दुनिया ( materialistic world) को । जबकि स्त्री ऊर्जा ( फैमिनाइन इनर्जी ) यानी स्त्री ऊर्जा दर्शाती है पोषण को, सक्रिय भावना को, ‌प्रेम को, समर्पण को और सहज बुद्धि या अन्य: प्रज्ञा को ( Intuition Power) को, अध्यात्मिक दुनिया को यानी 5D world को । मानव शरीर ऊर्जा का सम्मिलित रूप है । ये तरंगें निरंतन उठती रहती है मनुष्य के मूलाधार से लेकर सहस्त्रात तक । मनुष्य के कार्य उसके विचार उसकी भावनाएं उसका दैंनदिन की क्रियाएं इन्हीं चक्रों पर आधारित होती है । कौन सा चक्र शरीर में कितना जाग्रत और कितना संतुलित अवस्था में है ये मनुष्य के कार्यकलापों उसके विचारों से पता चलता है । जैसे कृष्ण ने अपनी गीता में मनुष्य के सम्पूर्ण व्यक्तित्व का आधार गुणों को माना है, जिसमें सतोगुण, रजोगुण और तमोगुण आतें हैं । इसी को उर्जा के रूप में 7 चक्रों की उर्जा से जाना जाता है जोकि स्त्री और पुरुष को पूर्ण बनाते हैं । यह कोई नयी कहानी या सिद्धांत नहीं बल्कि भारतीय दर्शन का सबसे प्राचीन और मनुष्य की होने को निशानी है । पुरुष और स्त्री ऊर्जा के मिलन बिंदु को ही, इन दोनों ऊर्जाओं के साथ-साथ होने को मनुष्य के भीतर ही भारतीय दर्शन में अर्द्धनारीश्वर रुप भी कहा गया है । जो हर मनुष्य चाहे स्त्री हो या कि पुरुष दोनों में चैतन्य रूप से व्याप्त है ‌। जरुरत है तो मात्र उसको पहचानने की । इसी अर्धनारीश्वर रूप को या इन दो ऊर्जाओं को भक्ति संत अपने जीवन में कैसे जगा रहे थे ? कैसे इसको अपने अस्तित्व में उतार कर अपने दैनंदिन जीवन की गतिविधियों से दो-चार हो रहे थे । अपने जीवन को परमात्मा के प्रति समर्पण कर अपने व्यावहारिक जगत और आध्यात्मिक जगत को धन्य बना रहे थे उसमें संतुलन स्थापित कर रहे थे इसी पर आधारित है यह सम्पूर्ण लेख।

In the early 19th century the study of liberal ideas created an awakening in the education class who decided to remove the inherent evils in the Indian society. Bengal played the leading role in the new awakening of India. Raja Ram Mohan Roy was the central figure in the new awakening in India. For his pioneering efforts in Social Reforms and creating new awakening among the people, he was been regarded as the Father of the “Indian Renaissance” or even “Father of Modern India”.1His greatest glory lay in this, that in the midst of thick, brooding darkness he saw afar the vision of New India and bravely laboured against large odds. He was not just a founder of a religion and he wanted his countrymen to accept not only the rational and scientific approach but also principles of human dignity and social equity of all men and women. His political, social, educational ideas and activities enriched the field of social work in India. He had done many social work related activities that helped in uplifting Indian society. Social work is a practice based profession that promotes social changes tosocial development.

Higher education is navigating a complex landscape defined by escalating tuition costs, an impending demographic cliff, rapid technological disruptions, and shifting cultural demands. To overcome these operational and structural hurdles and avoid institutional obsolescence, universities must look "beyond teaching" and re-evaluate their core definitions of academic excellence. This article examines how higher education institutions can leverage robust professional development and innovative research frameworks to elevate institutional performance and sustain longterm relevance. By expanding faculty responsibilities beyond traditional classroom instruction to include the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL), interdisciplinary collaboration, active mentorship, and governance, institutions can build a dynamic academic ecosystem. Furthermore, integrating modern pedagogical training, open science, AI-augmented research models, and strategic resource optimization enables universities to re-align curricula with workforce demands, improve student retention, and clearly demonstrate a return on investment. Ultimately, this paper outlines how holistic faculty development and innovative scholarly practices serve as critical catalysts for institutional resilience and academic quality in a
rapidly changing world.

In accordance with the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 and the National Curriculum Framework for School Education (NCF-SE) 2023, the mandatory integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Computational Thinking (CT) from Classes 3–8 starting in the 2026–2027 academic session is drastically changing India's educational system, which is the biggest in the world. The workflow-first model for AI deployment presented in this abstract gives organized educational processes—like human-curated lesson design, adaptive assessment, and teacher professional support— priority over the adoption of discrete tools. The framework emphasizes human-in-the-loop design to protect agency, reduce algorithmic bias, and guarantee explainability in multilingual, low-resource Indian classrooms. It is based on NITI Aayog's Responsible AI principles (safety and reliability, equality, inclusivity and non-discrimination, privacy and security, transparency, accountability, and protection of positive human values) and UNESCO's 2021 Recommendation on the Ethics of AI. While highlighting enduring issues of data privacy under the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, infrastructural disparities, and the risk of reinforcing existing inequities, empirical insights from large-scale deployments, such as teacher–AI collaborative systems for curriculumaligned lesson generation in government schools, show quantifiable reductions in planning time, shifts toward activity-based pedagogy, and improved instructional coherence. By integrating ethical safeguards and transparency mechanisms—model documentation, auditability, and instructor oversight—directly into instructional sequences, a workflow-first approach optimizes learning results without sacrificing pedagogy to technology. This paradigm provides a scalable way to realize AI's potential to improve teacher capacity and personalized learning while maintaining constitutional values and human-centered education in the Indian context of linguistic diversity, unequal digital access, and the dual imperatives of equity and excellence under NEP 2020. The abstract concludes that workflowintegrated ethics and transparency must be institutionalized as nonnegotiable design principles rather than afterthoughts in order to achieve lasting educational improvements in 2026 and beyond. 

Feminist public policy has emerged as a transformative approach to governance by challenging structural inequalities and promoting gender equality through inclusive policymaking. Unlike traditional policy frameworks that often overlook the differentiated experiences of women and marginalized groups, feminist public policy integrates gender perspectives into policy design, implementation, and evaluation. In the twenty-first century, globalization, digital transformation, climate change, migration, and artificial intelligence have introduced new dimensions to gender inequality, requiring governments to adopt more responsive and intersectional policy approaches. This article examines the evolution of feminist public policy, its theoretical foundations, key policy domains, contemporary challenges, and future prospects. It argues that feminist public policy is not merely about increasing women's representation but about restructuring governance to ensure equity, participation, accountability, and social justice. The article concludes that integrating feminist principles into public policymaking contributes to democratic governance, sustainable development, and inclusive economic growth.

Phenomenology is a philosophical movement which was established at the end of 19th and in early 20th century. The approach of phenomenology is not easy understand. In this article I tried to explain it in simple language for those who are the beginners to the phenomenological study. Edmund Husserl's phenomenology represents a decisive shift in modern philosophy by establishing a rigorous method for the investigation of consciousness and the structures of lived experience. This article introduces Husserl's phenomenology as a new philosophical perspective, examining its fundamental concepts, methodological foundations, and philosophical significance. It provides a concise exposition of Husserl's theory of essences, emphasizing the role of phenomenological description in uncovering the essential structures of experience through the suspension of presuppositions. The study further explores the intellectual influences of philosophers such as René Descartes, David Hume, and Immanuel Kant, demonstrating how Husserl appropriated, revised, and transcended their philosophical insights. Particular attention is given to the distinctive features of Husserl's phenomenology in contrast to earlier philosophical traditions, especially with regard to consciousness, intentionality, and the phenomenological method. By situating Husserl's thought within its historical and philosophical context, the article argues that phenomenology offers a distinctive and enduring approach to philosophical inquiry, one that has profoundly shaped twentieth-century continental philosophy and continues to inform contemporary research in philosophy and the human sciences. 

The increasing use of service charges alongside the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in restaurant billing has generated considerable confusion among consumers regarding their nature, applicability, and legal status. While GST is a statutory tax imposed by the Government of India, service charges are discretionary charges levied by restaurants and are governed by consumer protection guidelines. The present study examines consumer awareness and confusion regarding these billing components and assesses perceptions of transparency and fairness in restaurant billing practices. The study adopts a descriptive research design based on primary data collected through a structured questionnaire administered using Google Forms. A total of 114 responses were received, of which 107 valid responses were analysed using frequency and percentage analysis. The findings reveal that although a majority of respondents understand that GST and service charges are different, a substantial proportion continue to experience confusion while interpreting restaurant bills. The study further indicates overwhelming support for clear disclosure of service charge policies, voluntary payment of service charges, and stronger regulatory oversight to ensure transparent billing practices. The findings emphasise the importance of consumer education, standardized billing formats, and effective implementation of consumer protection guidelines. The study contributes to the literature on consumer behaviour and pricing transparency by providing empirical evidence on consumer perceptions of restaurant billing practices in India. 

महिला जनसंख्या किसी भी क्षेत्र के सामाजिक, आर्थिक एवं सांस्कृतिक विकास की आधारशिला मानी जाती है। वर्तमान समय में क्षेत्रीय विकास की अवधारणा केवल आर्थिक प्रगति तक सीमित नहीं रह गई है, बल्कि इसमें मानव विकास, सामाजिक न्याय, लैंगिक समानता, पर्यावरणीय संरक्षण तथा सतत विकास जैसे आयाम भी सम्मिलित हो गए हैं। इस संदर्भ में महिलाओं की भूमिका अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण है क्योंकि वे परिवार, समाज तथा स्थानीय अर्थव्यवस्था की प्रमुख संचालक होती हैं। ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों में महिलाएँ कृषि, पशुपालन, लघु एवं कुटीर उद्योग, शिक्षा, स्वास्थ्य, पोषण तथा सामाजिक विकास में प्रत्यक्ष एवं अप्रत्यक्ष रूप से योगदान देती है। पूर्वी चंपारण बिहार का एक प्रमुख कृषि प्रधान जिला है, जहाँ अधिकांश जनसंख्या ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों में निवास करती है। जिले की महिलाएँ कृषि कार्यों, दुग्ध उत्पादन, पशुपालन, घरेलू उद्योग, स्वयं सहायता समूहों, पंचायत राज संस्थाओं तथा विभिन्न सरकारी योजनाओं के माध्यम से क्षेत्रीय विकास में उल्लेखनीय भूमिका निभा रही हैं। इसके बावजूद उन्हें अशिक्षा, बेरोजगारी, संसाधनों तक सीमित पहुँच, आर्थिक निर्भरता, सामाजिक रूढ़िवादिता तथा लैंगिक असमानता जैसी समस्याओं का सामना करना पड़ता है। यह अध्ययन पूर्वी चम्पारण जिले में महिला जनसंख्या की क्षेत्रीय विकास में भूमिका का भौगोलिक विश्लेषण प्रस्तुत करता है। अध्ययन का उद्देश्य महिलाओं की विकासात्मकभागीदारी, उनके योगदान, चुनौतियों तथा क्षेत्रीय विकास पर उनके प्रभाव का विश्लेषण करना है।

वर्तमान वैश्वीकरण, तकनीकी नवाचार तथा लोकतांत्रिक जटिलताओं के दौर में राष्ट्र निर्माण की प्रक्रिया बहुआयामी हो गई है। अब यह केवल आर्थिक वृद्धि या राजनीतिक स्थिरता तक सीमित नहीं रहकर ज्ञान, मूल्य, कौशल और मानवीय क्षमता के समन्वित विकास पर आधारित होती जा रही है। ऐसे संदर्भ में भारतीय ज्ञान प्रणाली, जिसमें समग्रता, नैतिकता, लोककल्याण, सहअस्तित्व और सतत विकास के सिद्धांत निहित हैं, समकालीन राजनीतिक चुनौतियों के समाधान हेतु एक महत्वपूर्ण वैचारिक आधार प्रस्तुत करती है। यह शोध पत्र ज्ञान-आधारित राष्ट्र निर्माण की अवधारणा के संदर्भ में भारतीय ज्ञान प्रणाली की भूमिका का समालोचनात्मक विश्लेषण करता है तथा शैक्षिक प्रशिक्षण, पाठ्यक्रम रूपांतरण एवं क्षमता निर्माण के माध्यम से राजनीतिक उत्तरदायित्व, नेतृत्व विकास एवं लोकतांत्रिक सुदृढ़ता को सशक्त बनाने की संभावनाओं का अध्ययन करता है। अध्ययन में यह प्रतिपादित किया गया है कि यदि शिक्षा व्यवस्था में भारतीय ज्ञान परम्परा के मूल्यपरक एवं व्यवहारिक आयामों को समाहित किया जाए, तो एक उत्तरदायी, सहभागी एवं समावेशी राजनीतिक संस्कृति का निर्माण संभव है।

यह लेख ब्रिटिश साम्राज्यवाद से आजादी के एक ... कार्य के बजाय हिंसक विभाजन के संदर्भ में भारतीय समाज पर क्या असर पड़ा, इसका विश्लेषण करता है। ब्रिटिश-भारत के दो संघटक राज्यों, भारत और पाकिस्तान (जिसके पश्चिमी और पूर्वी भाग थे), में बंटवारे से कई आकस्मिक परिवर्तन आए। लाखों जानें गईं, कईयों की जिंदगियाँ पलक झपकते बदल गईं, शहर बदले, भारत बदला, एक नए देश का उदय हुआ और ऐसा जनसंहार, हिंसा एवं विस्थापन हुआ जिसका इतिहास में पहले कोई उदाहरण न था। भारत का विभाजन विभिन्न राजनीतिक, सामाजिक और धार्मिक कारकों का परिणाम था। भारत को स्वतंत्रता देने का ब्रिटिश सरकार का निर्णय बढ़ते राष्ट्रवादी आंदोलन और भारतीय लोगों के स्व-शासन 

The school environment plays a significant role in shaping students’ behaviour, attitudes, and learning experiences. A positive and supportive school environment contributes to the maintenance of effective classroom discipline, which is essential for successful teaching-learning processes. The present study aims to examine the relationship between school environment and classroom discipline among secondary school students. The study focuses on various dimensions of school environment such as physical facilities, teacher-student relationships, administrative support, peer interaction, and overall school climate, and how these factors influence classroom discipline. A descriptive survey method was employed for the study. Data were collected from students and teachers of secondary schools through standardized questionnaires related to school environment and classroom discipline. The sample consisted of students selected through random sampling techniques from urban and rural schools. Statistical techniques such as mean, standard deviation, and correlation analysis were used to analyze the data. The findings of the study indicate that a healthy and positive school environment significantly contributes to better classroom discipline. Schools with supportive teachers, adequate infrastructure, democratic administration, and cooperative peer groups were found to have fewer disciplinary problems. The study also reveals that students studying in positive school climates demonstrate higher levels of self-control, responsibility, and participation in classroom activities. The study highlights the importance of creating a conducive school environment for promoting discipline and improving educational outcomes. The findings may help school administrators, teachers, and policymakers in developing effective strategies for maintaining classroom discipline and enhancing the overall quality of education. 

This article explores the historical and theoretical underpinnings of British South Asian theatre as a cultural product not only of, but also in response to, the un-resolved histories of British imperialism. The article combines diaspora theory, critical race and caste theory, and postcolonial legal history to suggest that British South Asian theatre cannot be read simply as a late arrival of a minority art onto a national stage. It did not arise from any other imperial paths of labour, war and administration than those of Britain itself, and it was not institutionalized until artists started to see the racial violence of the 1970s as a historical break that required a collective theatrical response. The conversation spans four interrelated themes: the theoretical shift from essentialist diaspora models to relational and processual models of identity; the racialisation of British citizenship in the wake of the postwar immigration laws; the ambivalent institutional recognition provided by Naseem Khan's 1976 report on 'ethnic arts'; and the establishment of companies like Tara Arts in the immediate aftermath of a racist murder in Southall. The article concludes by following the development of an initially disorganized network of local initiatives that became a network of interconnected cultural infrastructure that constituted a diasporic counterpublic in the 1980s and 1990s. The article adds to theatre historiography by suggesting catastrophe as the most historically accurate lens for understanding the origins of this field, rather than heritage or celebration. 

E-waste is a problem in the environment and SMEs are a key to the economic growth, employment generation and industrial development. With the increasing usage of electronic equipment by SME's compliance with Ewaste Management Norms becomes significant to encourage responsible disposal of e-waste and sustainable business practices. This study aimed to understand the problems faced by SMEs in complying with E-waste Management Norms effectively and assist in formulating practical solutions for sustainable E-waste management. The test used in the current study in One Sample t-test. The findings of the study indicated that Difficulty in understanding e-waste norms, Lack of awareness of e-waste regulations, High cost of e-waste compliance, Difficulty in maintaining e-waste records, Difficulty in e-waste segregation, Lack of authorized recyclers, Difficulty in e-waste transportation, Complex government reporting requirements, Lack of trained employees, Lack of proper storage facilities, Difficulty in e-waste collection, Lack of technical knowledge, Limited financial resources, and Frequent changes in e-waste regulations are significant challenges faced by SMEs in complying with E-Waste Management Norms. 

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यह शोध - पत्र रामचरितमानस में निहित आयुध विज्ञान का विश्लेषण प्रस्तुत करता है। अध्ययन का मुख्य उद्देश्य मानस में वर्णित विभिन्न अस्त्र - शस्त्रों ,उनके प्रयोग तथा युद्ध नीति की वैज्ञानिक एवं व्यावहारिक व्याख्या करना है। इस शोध में वर्णनात्मक एवं विश्लेषणात्मक पद्धति का उपयोग किया गया है। विश्लेषण से स्पष्ट होता है कि मानस में ब्रह्मास्त्र, आग्नेयास्त्र, वायव्यास्त्र, दिव्यास्त्र जैसे महाशक्तिशाली अस्त्रों का प्रयोग हुआ है। यह केवल पौराणिक वर्णन ही नहीं है अपितु तात्कालीन युद्ध कौशल और कला - तकनीकी की दक्षता का द्योतक है। यह अध्ययन दर्शाता है कि प्राचीन भारतीय साहित्य न केवल सांस्कृतिक नैतिक मूल्यों के साथ - साथ विज्ञान एवं भौतिक शक्ति का प्रतीक भी है। मानस में वर्णित आयुध विज्ञान का यह ज्ञान आधुनिक संदर्भ में भी प्रासंगिक है। 

This study examines the perception and satisfaction of users toward OTT video streaming platforms in Bagalkote district. The rapid growth of internet connectivity and smartphone usage has accelerated the adoption of digital entertainment services. Platforms such as Netflix, Amazon Prime Video, and Disney+ Hotstar provide on-demand access to diverse content. The present research focuses on three variables: perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and overall satisfaction. A descriptive research design was adopted and primary data were collected from 200 OTT users using a structured questionnaire. Reliability of the instrument was verified using Cronbach’s alpha. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis were applied to analyze the relationship among the variables. The results indicate that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use significantly influence user satisfaction. The study concludes that OTT platforms are increasingly becoming the preferred mode of entertainment in semi-urban regions due to convenience, flexibility, and content variety.

Teacher education instructions are undergoing significant pedagogical transformation amid global shifts toward hybrid learning environments. This empirical study investigates the differential impacts of blended learning-integrating online and offline instruction—on academic achievement, learner engagement, and professional competency development among teacher education trainees in colleges of education in Jamkhandi Taluk, Karnataka, India. A convergent mixed-methods design was employed with 312 trainees across four institutions. Quantitative data were gathered through pre-test/post-test instruments and standardized learning outcome evaluations (Cronbach's α = 0.847 and 0.812, respectively), while qualitative data were obtained through semi-structured interviews with 45 trainees and 16 faculty members. One-way ANOVA revealed statistically significant differences across instructional modalities: F (2, 309) = 23.54, p < .001, η² = 0.13 (large effect). Blended instruction yielded the highest post-test performance (M = 82.09, SD = 8.14), significantly outperforming offline (M = 79.02, SD = 8.48) and online-only modes (M = 73.88, SD = 9.58); Tukey HSD confirmed all pairwise differences (p < .05). Cohen's defect sizes were 0.92 (blended vs. online, large) and 0.37 (blended vs. offline, medium). Engagement scores mirrored this pattern: Blended (M = 4.2/5), Offline (M = 3.8/5), and Online (M = 3.1/5). Humanities trainees demonstrated greater achievement gains (8.7%) than STEM trainees (5.2%) in blended settings. Thematic analysis of interview data yielded seven themes: flexibility advantages, practical skill necessity, infrastructure challenges, faculty development needs, socialrelational value, subject-specific differences, and assessment alignment. Findings indicate that optimal learning outcomes in teacher education require contextualized, discipline-specific hybrid models rather than uniform single-modality implementation. Policy recommendations include a 60:40 blended instructional ratio, investment in offline laboratory infrastructure, and TPACK-focused faculty development with 80% institutional coverage. 

Purpose – This research investigates the potential impacts of AI-automated corporate administration on the efficiency of decision-making, transparency in governance, the effectiveness of risk control, and accountability in organizations. It also analyzes the role of transparency in mediating the accountability relationship. Design/methodology/approach - The research employed a transparent synthetic demonstration dataset that contained 300 managers, governance and compliance professionals, risk and audit staff, and medium and large corporate IT managers and employees. The research utilized a quantitative, cross-sectional, and explanatory design. Five constructs were assessed using six items each and a five-point Likert scale. Factor reliability was assessed using reliability measures and factor adequacy. These scales were used for correlation analysis and multiple regression, which included organizational controls. A bootstrap mediation test was run with 5,000 resamples. Findings - The proposed scales were reliable (Cronbach's alpha = .878 to .894). AI-automated administration positively impacted the efficiency of decision-making (beta = .536), the transparency of governance (beta = .582), the effectiveness of risk control (beta = .495), and accountability in organizations (beta = .469), all p < .001. Transparency was a partial mediating factor in the accountability relationship (indirect effect = .227, 95% bootstrap CI [.154, .304]). 

Public procurement is a core function of local governance because it converts public funds into goods, services, and infrastructure needed for community development. At the barangay level, procurement is expected to comply with Republic Act No. 9184 and its implementing rules, particularly in relation to planning, supplier selection, documentation, transparency, monitoring, and accountability. This study assessed procurement procedures and compliance with Republic Act No. 9184 in selected barangays of Isulan, Sultan Kudarat. Using a descriptive mixed-methods design, data were gathered from forty-three (43) barangay officials, Barangay Bids and Awards Committee members, secretaries, treasurers, and procurement personnel through survey questionnaires, interviews, and document review. Quantitative data were analyzed using frequency count, percentage distribution, and weighted mean, while qualitative inputs were used to contextualize and synthesize the findings. Results showed that procurement practices were strongly observed, with an overall mean of 4.44, particularly in documentation, supplier selection, and method selection. Compliance with Republic Act No. 9184 was also rated strongly, with an overall mean of 4.50. However, budget limitations and insufficient procurement training remained key constraints affecting procurement efficiency. Respondents strongly supported standardized procurement procedures, stronger monitoring and evaluation, digital procurement tools, and continuing capacity-building programs. The study concludes that barangay procurement systems in the selected localities are generally functional and legally compliant, but their sustainability depends on institutionalized training, standardized documentation, digital record management, and stronger municipal-level technical support. 

The world is now facing a great challenge due to climate change, therefore, most countries are adopting carbon markets to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions and help with the global goal of creating a sustainable environment. As India’s economy is growing significantly fast and also it is considered to be strong contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, it has taken a significant step of launching its regulatory carbon market to meet the netzero emission goals by 2070. This study assesses the national readiness regarding its carbon market. For understanding it, secondary data have been collected from Government reports, official circulars issued by regulating agencies, policy documents, research papers and global climate reports. Prior to the launch of this regulatory market, India has seen other market based frameworks like the Perform, Achieve and Trade (PAT Scheme) and Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs). This study also highlights the growing role of institutions, industries and monitoring frameworks that significantly assist in implementation of this regulatory market. Finally, the study discusses the framework and operational structure of carbon markets operating in Europe and China, that helps understand the possibilities and challenges for India. Overall, India has utmost capacity to develop a successful carbon market that would facilitate clean and sustainable growth in energy, transformation of industries, and sustainable economic development. 

The article analyzes the representation of women’s marginality and social resistance in two landmark Indian novels by Indira Goswami and Arundhati Roy in radically different regional, cultural and historical contexts. Goswami’s The Moth-Eaten Howdah of the Tusker deals with the issues of widowhood, orthodoxy and female suffering in the Assamese Vaishnavite and feudal structures. Roy’s The God of Small Things deals with patriarchy, caste violence and the policing of female desire in Kerala. Both texts show marginality is not only a personal exclusion, but a social process which is produced by family, religion, caste and gendered discipline. Together, the novels show that although the resistance of women may seem to be silent, fragmented or not direct, it is nevertheless of political significance in that it subverts established hierarchies. These novels, the study contends, depict women as victims of systemic domination but also as agents of refusal, resisting social power through memory, speech, bodily presence and emotional endurance.

Digital readiness has become a central benchmark for scholarly productivity in modern higher education settings. While higher education institutions continue to expand their technical systems, a student's success relies heavily on personal self-efficacy, positive technical attitude, and practical operational skills. This empirical study examines how three core elements of digital readiness—Information and Communication Technology (ICT) self-concept, attitude toward ICT, and functional ICT competency—predict academic performance of postgraduates. Using a quantitative predictive survey design, data were gathered from 200 postgraduate students from two major Indian central universities (Maulana Azad National Urdu University and Aligarh Muslim University) through validated instruments. Multiple regression modeling indicated that the three readiness variables collectively accounted for 48.0% of the variance in CGPA ( (R² = .480, F₃,₁₉₆ = 59.21, p < .001). ICT competency emerged as the primary unique contributor (β = .460, p < .001), followed by ICT self-concept (β = .320, p = .001) and attitude (β = .210, p = .003). Institutional comparisons revealed minor variations in technical skill and self-concept, whereas positive attitudinal orientations were uniform. These findings highlight that while supportive attitudes create necessary engagement, functional skills and ICT self-belief are the main drivers of advanced -cademic success.

Education occupies an important place in the social, cultural and economic development of tribal communities. The educational conditions of tribal communities in Telangana have historically been characterized by low literacy, inadequate access to schools, low enrollment of girls, absenteeism, stagnation, dropout and inadequate educational infrastructure. The educational facilities provided by the government included primary schools, upper primary schools, Ashram schools, hostels, scholarships, mid-day meals, free books, stationery, clothing and teacher-training centres. In 1961, the literacy rate of Scheduled Tribes in the State was 4.41 percent compared with 21.2 percent for the State as a whole. In 1971, the corresponding figures were 5.34 percent and 24.6 percent. The educational situation varied considerably among tribal areas and communities. The establishment of Ashram schools attempted to provide residential educational facilities to children living in remote and scattered settlements. District-wise data show considerable variation in the number of schools, student strength and literacy rates. Female educational participation remained particularly low. The 1991 data show that female literacy was considerably lower than male literacy in almost all districts of the Telangana region. The  educational facilities and welfare measures discussed in the paper indicate the efforts made to promote education among tribal communities, while the available data demonstrate the continuing difficulties of educational access, enrollment and retention. 

Tax evasion remains a persistent challenge to revenue mobilisation and equitable taxation in India, and the Income Tax Department relies on three principal enforcement instruments to detect and deter it: search operations under Section 132, survey operations under Section 133A, and assessment procedures under Sections 143, 144, and 153A of the Income Tax Act, 1961. This study empirically examines the effectiveness of these search, survey, and assessment procedures in controlling tax evasion, drawing on the perceptions of 248 respondents comprising Chartered Accountants and tax practitioners, Income Tax Department officials, and corporate tax and finance managers in Karnataka, selected through purposive-cumconvenience sampling. The study measures perceived effectiveness separately for each procedure type and evaluates their relationship with an overall Tax Evasion Control Effectiveness score, alongside the influence of technology and data-analytics use, evidence quality, taxpayer cooperation, manpower adequacy, judicial delays, and administrative interference. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, multiple regression, one-way ANOVA, and chi-square tests are employed to test the study's hypotheses. The findings indicate a significant positive relationship between procedural effectiveness and overall tax evasion control effectiveness (r = 0.58, p < 0.05), with search operations rated as the most effective procedure and survey operations rated as the least effective. Use of technology and data analytics and quality of evidence gathered emerge as the strongest positive predictors of effectiveness, while litigation and judicial delays are the most significant constraint. The study concludes with policy recommendations for strengthening India's income tax enforcement architecture. 

The rapid proliferation of financial technology (FinTech) services in India has reshaped how individuals access, manage, and transact in the formal financial system, with young adults emerging as the most active adopters of digital financial platforms. This study empirically examines the relationship between FinTech adoption and financial inclusion among young adults aged 18 to 35 years in Bangalore city, a leading technology hub with high digital penetration. Using a structured questionnaire administered to 392 respondents selected through stratified convenience sampling, the study measures adoption levels across seven categories of FinTech services — UPI and mobile wallets, mobile and internet banking, digital payment applications, robo-advisory and investment platforms, InsurTech, cryptocurrency platforms, and peer-to-peer lending — and evaluates the influence of perceived usefulness, ease of use, trust and security, social influence, cost effectiveness, and digital literacy on adoption behaviour. Financial inclusion is operationalised through a composite index capturing access, usage, and quality of financial engagement. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, multiple regression, and chi-square tests are employed to test the study's hypotheses. The findings indicate a strong positive relationship between FinTech adoption and financial inclusion (r = 0.71, p < 0.05), with perceived usefulness and ease of use emerging as the strongest predictors of adoption, while security concerns and limited digital literacy remain the principal barriers among low-frequency users. The study concludes with policy and managerial implications for financial institutions, FinTech firms, and regulators seeking to deepen financial inclusion among urban youth. 

The handloom sector plays a crucial role in preserving traditional skills, generating employment, and promoting regional economic development. Warangal Durries, a traditional handwoven product of Telangana, gained Geographical Indication (GI) status in March 2018, ensuring authenticity, legal protection, and market recognition. This study examines the role of the GI tag in strengthening market access, improving financial sustainability, and enhancing the livelihoods of weavers engaged in the production of Warangal Durries. The paper analyzes institutional support, government initiatives, exhibitions, awards, and financial assistance provided through agencies such as NABARD and TESCO. It also highlights the production process, raw material sourcing, and evolving marketing channels, including exhibitions and e-commerce platforms. The study finds that GI recognition has contributed significantly to regional development by improving brand value, ensuring fair recognition to artisans, and supporting inclusive growth in the handloom sector.

Tourism is an important socio-economic activity which is now treated as an industry. It includes tourists and related services. Sustainable tourism provides equity, development and environmental protection. Tourism in North East India has high flavour of natural, cultural, historical, religious, rural and ethnic importance. There are beautiful mountains, rivers, waterfalls, forests, national parks, lakes, towns, temples, palaces, caves, monasteries which attract a lot of domestic and foreign tourist per year. The socio-economic life in North East is highly depended on tourism. In this paper a detail sketch of some tourism activities like – adventure, heritage, wildlife, folk, urban, Eco-tourism, etc. have been analyzed. Some of the important tourism characteristics of North East like – pattern of tourist visits, accommodation conditions, tourism services, purpose of visit, mode of transport, seasonality of visits and tourist perception have been pointed out. Special attention has been given on circuit tourism development. Besides problems and prospects behind tourism development have been discuss in this paper. The paper is based on secondary and primary data. Simple statistical and cartographic techniques have been used to prepare this paper.

As AI generated short-form digital media spreads, it has revolutionized the ways in which production and circulation happen. Amongst new synthetic video forms are the AIproduced animal reels, which "show" cats and dogs, elephants and monkeys, bears and rabbits, and other non-human animals speaking working dining in restaurants traveling fighting, establishing families, participating in human social institutions, or engaging in other human terms of activity. While these types of short-form videos are popular as humorous jokes, they simultaneously present pressing challenges related to the cultural construction of the animal as other, as well as the ways in which anthropocentrism persists in technologically mediated environments. This paper explores these challenges by drawing upon the theoretical perspectives of posthumanism, critical animal studies, and Michel Foucault's notion of normalization and power; it argues that AI animal reels both place the human and the animal in continual tension and transform the human more into the animal. While on one side, anthropomorphic visualizations destabilize the humananimal divide by rendering non-human animals emotional linguistic dressed up, socially identifiable, and agentic; simultaneously, by turning animals into humanlike agents, AI animals may reproduce anthropocentrism when the animal is only found to be culturally valuable when it resembles the human. The paper then introduces the notion of the digital humanimal, a digital wildlife hybrid created by AI & shared online, whose animal body is humanised through language, cognition and affect, but remains at the same time visibly sonically Avely animal. The paper also develops the notion of 'algorithmic non-normality' on the digital animal, delineating how AI images of animal body, mind and emotion construct, overstate and circulate new modes of differentiating normal from abnormal animal behaviour. Lastly, the paper concludes that power is exercised on many levels: humans craft the prompts & narratives, machines 'produce' the images, platforms police accessibility and audiences produce circulation. Digital animal reels because of this become a site of new cultural import, in which the interplay of human animal machine, normal & artificial categories is negotiated. 

The sustainability of rural livelihoods and the financial stability of farmers are greatly enhanced by agricultural finance. The study is significant because agricultural financing programs may improve farmers' livelihood stability, productivity, and financial security. It aids in determining if these programs are successfully supporting farmers' sustainable means of subsistence. The aim of this research is to analyse the impact of adoption of agricultural finance schemes on livelihood sustainability of famers in Nashik District. The statistical technique used in the current study is one sample t-test. The findings of the study indicated that Increase in farm income, Improvement in agricultural productivity, Adoption of modern farming technologies, Reduction in dependence on moneylenders, Enhancement of livelihood security, Stabilization of income through risk mitigation, Diversification into allied activities, Improvement in standard of living, Strengthening of financial inclusion, and Growth in investment capacity are significant Impact of Adoption of Agricultural Finance Schemes on Livelihood Sustainability of Farmers in Nashik District. 

Digital wallets have emerged as an essential financial innovation, reshaping the way individuals manage and access money. For women, particularly in developing economies, digital wallets offer new avenues for financial independence, entrepreneurship, and economic participation. This research explores the relationship between digital wallet usage and women empowerment by analysing the factors influencing adoption, benefits, barriers, and the social transformation facilitated by digital financial inclusion. Findings suggest that accessibility, financial literacy, smartphone usage, and social norms significantly influence digital wallet adoption among women. The study concludes that digital wallets play a crucial role in promoting women’s economic empowerment, provided adequate education, trust, and infrastructure are in place.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has increasingly become an important technological tool in the retail sector, influencing business operations, employee responsibilities, and workplace practices. The adoption of AI-enabled technologies has the potential to improve operational efficiency, reduce repetitive tasks, enhance accuracy, and support employees in performing their duties effectively. Hence, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the adoption of artificial Intelligence and its influence on employee performance. Structural Equation Modelling was used to anayse the collected data. The findings of the study indicated that Adoption of Artificial Intelligence has a positive and statistically significant effect on Employee Performance. The study concludes that AI should be viewed as a supportive technological resource that complements human capabilities rather than merely replacing human effort. Effective and employee-oriented AI adoption can therefore contribute significantly to enhancing employee performance and improving the operational effectiveness of miniature malls.